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Animalia
Animal Kingdom
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some characteristics for an Animalia? | -Multicellular -Eukaryotic with no cell walls -Heterotrophs (consumers) |
| Ectoderm | A layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula (top); skin and tissue |
| Mesoderm | Made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endodem (Middle layer); muscles, reproductive organs, and circulatory vessels |
| Endoderm | A layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula (bottom); digestive tract |
| Protostomes | Animals that develop a mouth from gastrula space |
| Duterostomes | Animals that develop an anus from gastrula space |
| Asymmetrical | Irregular in shape |
| Symmetrical | Regular in shape |
| Radial symmetry | Can be divided along any plane into equal halves |
| Bilateral Symmetry | Can be divided only down it's length in half, creating a mirror image of each side |
| Acoelomates | Animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities |
| Pseudocoelomates | Animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly liked with mesoderm |
| Coelomates | Animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm |
| What are the 7 essential functions in animals? | The 7 functions are feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction |
| What are the organization levels? | Cells, tissue, organs, and organ system |
| Exoskeleton | A hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body to protect the internal organs |
| Endoskeleton | A support framework within the body to protect the organs |
| Bony skeleton | Skeleton consisting of bone |
| Hydroskeleton | A fluid-filed cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles |
| Invertebrates | Animals lacking a backbone |
| Vertebrates | Animals with a backbone |
| What are the 5 subphylum vertebrata classes? | -Fish -Amphibians -Reptiles -Birds -Mammals |
| Where did the vertebrate jaw of a fish evolve from? | From the skeletal supports of pharyngeal slits |
| Bony fishes | Developed paired pelvic and pectoral fins attached to the pelvic girdles of cartilage or bone |
| Where did tetradpods evolve from? | They evolved from specialized fishes that inhabited in shallow water |
| Tetrapod | Developed lobed walking fins and breathed air by gulping out of the water (were amphibians) |
| Amphibians | Need to return to the water to lay eggs and for development of larvae |
| Amniotes | Includes reptiles, mammals, and birds. Evolution of their egg expanded the success of vertebrates on land |
| Testudines | Turtles - some species return to the water and all lay their eggs on land |
| Sphenodontia | Tuataras |
| Squamata | Lizards and snakes |
| Crocodilia | Crocodiles and alligators |
| What did birds start out as? | Birds began as feathered reptiles, then they evolved to fly |
| Endothermic | Use metabolic energy to generate heat |
| Wings | Flight enhanced the ability to hunt and savage, escape predators, and move with changing seasons |
| What does hair and subcutaneous fat do? | Help retain metabolic heat |
| Earliest mammals | Evolved from reptiles about 220 million years ago |
| Monotremes | Lay eggs and produce milk (no nipples) |
| Marsupials | Born early in embryonic development, climb to mother's pouch and attach to a nipple |
| Vertebrate brain | High degree of cephalization |
| Vertebrate movement | Have a backbone and two pairs of limbs that are attached to a basic supporting structure by limb girdles |
| Carnivores | Short digestive tracts with special enzymes that break down meat |
| Herbivores | Long intestines and stomachs with bacteria that break down cellulose |
| Single-loop circulatory system | Blood travels from the heart to the gills to the body and back to the heart |
| Double-loop circulatory system | -Heart to lungs -Heart to body |
| Vertebrate excretion | -Excretory system eliminate nitrogenous wastes and regulate the amount of water in the body -Most rely on kidneys for excretion -Nitrogenous wastes are first produced in the form of ammonia |
| Vertebrate respiration | Aquatic vertebrates - use gills for respiration Terrestrial Vertebrate - Use lungs to breathe |
Created by:
kieren1
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