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Biology chapt 44
Biology Chapter 44
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | Study of the interactions of organisms with other organisms and with the physical and chemical environment |
| habitat | Place where an organism lives and is able to survive and reproduce. |
| population | Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool. |
| community | Assemblage of species interacting with one another within the same environment. |
| ecosystem | Biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients. |
| biosphere | Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found. |
| demography | Properties of the rate of growth and the age structure of populations. |
| population density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume living in a particular habitat. |
| population distribution | The pattern of dispersal of individuals living within a certain area. |
| resource | Abiotic and biotic components of an environment that support or are needed by living organisms. |
| limiting factor | Resource or environmental condition that restricts the abundance and distribution of an organism. |
| rate of natural increase (r) | Growth rate dependent on the number of individuals that are born each year and the number of individuals that die each year. |
| biotic potential | Maximum population growth rate under ideal conditions. |
| cohort | Group of individuals having a statistical factor in common, such as year of birth, in a population study. |
| survivorship | Probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to particular ages. |
| age structure diagram | In demographics, a display of the age groups of a population; a growing population has a pyramid-shaped diagram. |
| semelparity | Condition of having a single reproductive effort in a lifetime. |
| iteroparity | Repeated production of offspring at intervals throughout the life cycle of an organism. |
| exponential growth | Growth, particularly of a population, in which the increase occurs in the same manner as compound interest. |
| logistic growth | Population increase that results in an S-shaped curve; growth is slow at first, steepens, and then levels off due to environmental resistance. |
| carrying capacity (K) | Largest number of organisms of a particular species that can be maintained indefinitely by a given environment. |
| density-independent factor | Abiotic factor, such as fire or flood, that affects population size independent of the population’s density. |
| density-dependent factor | Biotic factor, such as disease or competition, that affects population size in a direct relationship to the population’s density. |
| competition | Results when members of a species attempt to use a resource that is in limited supply. |
| predation | Interaction in which one organism (the predator) uses another (the prey) as a food source. |
| r-selection | favors r-strategists, which tend to be small individuals that mature early and have a short lifespan. |
| K-selection | Favorable life-history strategy under stable environmental conditions characterized by the production of a few offspring with much attention given to offspring survival. |
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Haleyannestes
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