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Major Diuretics

Mechanism of action for major diuretics

QuestionAnswer
Mannitol Osmotic diuretic, ↑ tubular fluid osmolarity --> ↑ urine flow
Acetazolamide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in total body HCO-3 stores. Acts at proximal convoluted tubule. ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis!
Furosemide Sulfonamide loop diuretic. Inhibits costransport system (Na+, K++, 2 Cl-) of thick ascending limb. Abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine. ↑ Ca++ excretion (Loops Loose CaLcium!)
Ethacrynic acid Phenoxyacetic acid derivative. Same mechanism as furosemide. Used in pts with sulfa allergy.
Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic. Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of nephron. ↓ Ca++ excretion.
Amiloride, triamterene Na-channel blocking class of K+-sparing diuretics. Work in cortical collecting duct. Block Na+ reabsorption and K+ and H+ secretion.
Spironolactone Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting duct. Reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ and H+ secretion.
↑ Urine NaCL All diuretics
↑ Urine K+ All diuretics except K+-sparing
↑ Blood pH (alkalosis) Loop diuretics, thiazides
↓ Blood pH (acidosis) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, K+-sparing
↑ Urine Ca++ Loop diuretics
↓ Urine Ca++ Thiazides
Created by: golfspy
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