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Evolution
Chapter 9 & 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | Change over time; modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| Fixed species | Species stay the same and can't change for all time |
| Transmutation | Where species can change |
| Who is Charles Darwin? | A naturalist and biologist known for his theory of evolution and the process of natural selection |
| What is a fossil? | A preserved remains of organisms and is petrified into rock |
| What is taxonomy? | The science of classifying organisms |
| What does survival of the fittest mean? | -competition meant that only the fittest would survive -An explanation of natural selection |
| Who was William Smith and what did he do? | William was a geologist who studies rocks and fossils |
| Taxon | The range from kingdom to the species |
| How do fossils form? | Hard parts, such as bone, remain long enough to mineralize and form fossils |
| Mutation | -Occurs when there is a copying error -Are rare -Have damaging effects |
| What is at the very beginning of the tree of life? | The common ancestor of all living things |
| Can mutations be passed onto offspring? | Mutations can only be passed on if the mutation is in a sex cell |
| What causes variation within the population? | Mutations and sexual reproduction |
| Microevolution | Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms over a short period of time and no speciation |
| Macroevolution | Major evolutionary change over a long period of time and includes speciation |
| Speciation | The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution |
| Embryological | -Similar embryology also suggests similar genes -Embryonic cells develop in similar patterns |
| Homologous Structures | Similar anatomical structures, that may have different functions |
| Analogous Structures | Different anatomical structures, that have the same function. Ex) fin, wing, and arm |
| Vestigial Structures | Structures that are no longer needed, so they are just set aside |
| Transitional Fossils | Show a clear transition from one species to another |
| Geography | Shows the group evolved before the continents drifted apart and the spread of organisms |
| Antibiotic Resistance | When bacteria change in a way that reduces the effectiveness of drugs |
| What causes evolution? | Natural selection |
| Double-helix | Shows how genetic information is transferred |
| Variants | Known as alleles |
| What is the theory of evolution? | Deals with how evolution happens. Our understanding is always changing. |
| Do you have to change in order to survive? | Yes |
Created by:
kieren1
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