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Unit 5 Vocab
RNA/DNA
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Protein Synthesis | Formation of mRNA from DNA(transcription)and the conversion by tRNA to protein(translation). |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Double stranded molecule that stays inside of the nucleus at all times and is used to create proteins. |
RNA | Ribonucleic Acid; Single stranded molecule that transmits information from DNA to make proteins. |
Nucleotide | Basic unit of DNA and RNA; consists of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen bases, and a phosphate group. |
DNA Nucleotide | Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group. |
RNA Nucleotide | Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group. |
DNA Nitrogen Bases | Guanine(G), Cytosine(C), Adenine(A), Thymine(T). |
RNA Nitrogen Bases | Guanine(G), Cytosine(C), Adenine(A), Uracil(U). |
Hydrogen Bond | Holds nitrogen bases together in DNA. |
Covalent Bond | Holds sugars and phosphates and sugars and bases together. |
DNA Replication | Process of copying DNA; occurs during interphase in mitosis and meiosis. |
mRNA | Messenger RNA; carries message for making proteins from the Nucleus to the Ribosome. |
tRNA | Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into a protein. |
Transcription | Creation of mRNA from DNA strand. (INSIDE NUCLEUS). |
Translation | Conversion of mRNA into protein using tRNA. (OCCURS IN RIBOSOMES) |
Codon | Set of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acid. |
Gene Regulation | Process where proteins are differentiated by the specific sequence of amino acids. |
Hybridization | Combining different varieties of organisms; Hybrid (Mixture). |
Mutation | Changes in genetic material. |
Restrictive Enzymes | Used to cut DNA |
Vectors | Methods for transferring foreign DNA into a host cell. Plasmids (Bacterical Cells) are a common type of vector. |
Transgenic Organisms | Genetically modified organisms. Created by inserting forgein DNA into organisms. |
Gel Electrophoresis | Also known as DNA fingerprinting; allows scientists to identity someone's DNA. |
Stem Cells | Cells that are have no specialized function, which can be developed into a whole variety of cells by activating specific genes on the cells DNA. |
Gene Therapy | Process through which specific gene sequences are inserted into an individual's cells to replace a defective or mutant allele. |
Human Genome Project | Project that help identify the approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes in human DNA. |