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Chapter 7
Cell and Cell parts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CELL | Basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms |
| CELL THEORY | states that (1) organisms are made of one or more cells; (2)cells are the basic unit of life; (3) all cells come from other cells |
| PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE | flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell |
| ORGANELLE | specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation |
| EUKARYOTIC CELL | unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell |
| NUCLEUS | in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
| PROKARYOTIC CELL | microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| CYTOPLASM | semi-fluid material inside the cell's plasma (cell) membrane |
| CYTOSKELETON | supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm |
| RIBOSOME | simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins |
| NUCLEOLUS | the site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis (production) |
| GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY) | flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles an transports them to other organelles or out of the cell |
| VACUOLE | membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes and wastes |
| CENTRIOLE | organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of micrtotubules |
| MITOCHONDRION | membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell |
| CHLOROPLAST | double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| CELL WALL | in plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell |
| CILIUM | short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement |
| FLAGELLUM | long, tail-like projection with whip-like or propeller motion that helps a cell move |
| ION | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE | property of the plasma (cell) membrane that allows it to control movements of substances into or out of the cell |
| PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER | plasma (cell) membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and non-polar tails facing the inside |
| TRANSPORT PROTEIN | protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma (cell) membrane |
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL | a plasma (cell) membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bi-layer |
| HOMEOSTASIS | regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life |
| DIFFUSION | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM | condition of continuous random movement of particles but no overall changes in concentration of materials |
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION | passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma (cell) membrane by transport proteins |
| ISOTONIC SOLUTION | a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside the cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water |
| OSMOSIS | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| HYPOTONIC SOLUTION | a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis |
| HYPERTONIC SOLUTION | a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma (cell) membrane against a concentration gradient |
| ENDOCYTOSIS | energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell |
Created by:
MsQuinnScience
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