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DNA & Biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of rRNA | Is in the ribosome for site of translation, reads the codons on mRNA |
| Function of tRNA | Carries amino acids to the ribosomes |
| Function of mRNA | carries the generic information from DNA in the form of codons (nucleotide sequence) |
| During DNA replication, what two processes must occur before the two strands of a DNA can separate? | 1.) Hydrogen bonds between base pairs must be broken 2.) Molecule must unwind |
| 3 parts of RNA nucleotide | 1.) Ribose molecule 2.) A phosphate group 3.) Nitrogenous Base |
| What must happen to the DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA? | The DNA must be separated into two strands |
| What would happen if codons consisted of fewer than 3 bases? | The bases could not combine in enough ways to produce codons for specifying the 20 different amino acids |
| Mule=Donkey+Horse. What can you conclude about the characteristics of the mule? | Some donk dink donk dink, some horse characteristics |
| How are selective breeding techniques of hybridization and inbreeding opposites? | Hybridization= organisms with different traits crossed (donk dink donk dink + horse = mule) Inbreeding= organisms with similar traits are crossed (purebred doggies) |
| What is a POLYPLOID organism? | Organism that has many sets of chromosomes |
| Why would breeders want to increase a populationâs mutation rate? | It increases the chances of individuals within the population having desirable traits, which then can be selected for using breeding techniques |
| What is the likely effect of treating a sample of DNA with more than one kind of restriction enzyme? | More DNA fragments of different sizes |
| What does polymerase chain reaction enable scientists to make? | Many copies of a gene |
| What is the significance of sticky ends? | They allow the fragment to be inserted into a piece of DNA that has the same sticky ends. (They can STICK to another DNA!) |
| Whatâs a plasmid? | Circular DNA molecule that scientists use to transform bacteria and plants |
| How can gel electrophoresis be used to tell whether a transformation experiment was successful? | You can compare banding patterns of DNA samples taken before and after |
| What is a transgenic organism? | An organism produced by genetic engineering that contains genes from another kind of organism |
| Why do transgenic bacteria that have the gene for human insulin produce insulin in great abundance? | Bacteria reproduce quickly, so the more transgenic bacteria there are, the more insulin produced |
| Why does the human insulin gene produce the same protein in humans and in transgenic bacteria? | The gene determines what protein is produced, not the organism in which it is found. |
| Compare the sexes of an animal clone and the animal from which it was cloned. Explain your answer. | They are always the same sex because they are genetically identical. |
| Why might different alleles of the same gene produce different fragments when treated with the same restriction enzyme? | 1.) different DNA sequences that include different numbers of copies of the enzymeâs recognition site 2.) different locations of the recognition site within the allele |
| Why do scientists use sections of DNA that have little or no known function to do DNA fingerprinting? | These sections of DNA vary widely from person to person |
| Why are viruses used in gene therapy? | They can transfer genes into human cells |
Created by:
awilson21
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