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Biology Final review
Review for 2018 Life Science Exam
ocular lens, objective lens | used to magnify the objects on the stage |
fine and course focus adjustment knobs | used to focus the object into view |
diaphragm and light source | used to view the object on the stage |
Total magnification | ocular X objective |
bubbles | what to avoid when making a wet mount slide |
mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell |
chloroplast | where photosynthesis takes place |
cellular respiration | produces carbon dioxide and ATP energy |
photosynthesis | produces glucose and oxygen |
food | energy source for animals |
sun | energy source for plants |
stain | used to make clear cells visible |
base and arm | used to carry microscope |
high power objective | never use the course focus knob when this lens is in place |
cells | building blocks of all living things |
mitosis | the division of the nucleus |
purpose for mitosis | growth, repair and replacement of cells, reproduction |
meiosis | cell division that creates sex cells |
gametes | egg and sperm cells |
Asexual reproduction | all offspring are identical to parent |
Sexual reproduction | offspring are variations of the parents |
one | number of parents in Asexual Reproduction |
two | number of parents in Sexual Reproduction |
chromosomes in sex cells | One half the parent chromosome number |
growth | occurs through increase in cell number through mitosis |
Organelles | located within cells for life activities |
cell wall | only in plant cells for structure and support |
large central vacuole | storage for plant cells |
cytoplasm | gel material that suspends organelles within the cell |
cell membrane | gatekeeper, in both plant and animal cells |
budding | asexual reproduction in Hydra |
regeneration | asexual reproduction from parts |
vegetative propagation | asexual reproduction in plants |
body cells | cells created by mitosis |
egg | female sex cell with 1/2 chromosome number |
sperm | male sex cell with 1/2 the chromosome number |
genes | located on chromosomes as bands of DNA |
levels of organization | organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
cancer | abnormal cells with uncontrolled reproduction |
adenine | thymine |
guanine | cytosine |
DNA | |
ecosystem | interactions between living and nonliving parts of nature |
natural selection | when nature selects organisms that will survive |
adaptation | organism's ability to survive based on it's variation |
Charles Darwin | Father of Natural Selection |
Gregor Mendel | Father of Genetics |
Watson and Crick | discovered structure of DNA |
Carnivore | eats only meat |
Omnivore | eats both meat and plants |
herbivore | eats only plants |
Evidence for evolution | Fossils,Embryological similarities, DNA, Homologous Structures |
Producers | make their own food |
Consumers | Omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores |
Habitat | where an organism lives |
Niche | the job, or function of an organism |
Decomposers | absorb food from dead organisms and break down once living materials |
Succession | changes in plant and animal life due to an environmental change Takes place over time |
Kingdom | broad classification group, includes 6 different groups |
species | most specific level of classification |
Internal and external structures | Differences in these allow organisms to be classified |
Scientific method | Scientific steps that can help solve a problem |
Punnett square | Tool to predict a hereditary outcome |
Dominant trait | Always shows itself when allele is present |
Recessive trait | Silent in the presence of the dominant allele |
Homeostasis | The ability to maintain internal conditions no matter what external conditions are |
calorie | unit of food energy measurement |
Respiratory system | provides oxygen to blood and exhales carbon dioxide |
Circulatory system | the body's internal transportation system |
Excretory system | Removes dissolved waste from the blood |
Skeletal system | Protects, supports body, produces red blood cells |
Muscular system | Along with skeletal system , allows for movement |
Endocrine system | Ductless body system that produces hormones |
hormones | chemicals produced by endocrine system that control the body |
Kidney | main organ of excretory system |
heart | main organ of circulatory system |
brain, central nerve chord | main parts of the nervous system |
nervous system | coordinates movement and all body functions |
absorption | process through which nutrients enter the circulatory system |