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Biology 1 Honors
Chapter 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the simplest particle off an element that retains all of the properties of that element | atom |
are made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions | compound |
forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons | covalent bonds |
an atom or molecule with an electrical charge | ion |
The atomic number of carbon is 6. Therefore, the number of protons in a carbon atom equals | 6 |
one of the kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom is the | proton |
the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the orbitals in an atoms second energy level is | 8 |
of the following elements, the one that is, most likely to form ionic bonds is | sodium |
an example of a compund is | hydrogen gas |
what is the difference between mass and weight | weight is defined as the force produced by gravity acting on mass |
Identify the emements and the number of atoms of each element in each of the following compounds:BO2 | 1 B 2O |
KCL | 1K 1CL |
C6H12O6 | 6C 12H 6O |
NH3 | 1N 3H |
How many pairs of electrons do the two oxygen atoms in an oxygen molecule share with each other? Explain your answer | They need 2, because one oxygen atom needs 1 pair so 2 oxygen atoms need 2 pairs |
The atomic number of argon is 18. Will argon tend to form bonds ith other elements? Explain your answer | No, because it's outermost shell is full |
What kind of bond is formed between hydrogen and chlorine atoms? | Its an ionic bond |
Describe the formation of this bond and the total number of electrons in the orbitals of each energy level | Hydrogen is giving and chloride is taking. Hydrogen has 8 and chloride is full |
Explain the difference between the following words: Catalysts and enzyme | catalyst reduce the amount of activation energy and enzymes speed up metabolic reactions |
oxidation reaction and reduction reaction | an oxidation reactant loses one or more electrons, in reduction reaction one or more electrons are gained |
the state of matter in wich particles move more rapidly is | gas |
every chemical reaction involves a | net release of energy |
enzymes do which of the following | reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction |
Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
Mass | the quantity of matter an object has |
elements | substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
nucleus | central region and makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom and consists of 2 kinds of subatomical particles, a proton and a neutron |
Proton | a subatomical particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom. |
Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom. |
mass number | equal to the toal number of protons. |
electrons | subatomical particle that has a negative charge |
orbital | a three dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates a probable location of an electron |
isotope | atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. |
chemical bonds | the attractive forces that hold atoms together |