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Blood

TermDefinition
Formed elements The white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets in the blood. Most of the volume is RBCs. <1% are WBC and platelets.
Plasma A clear, straw colored liquid portion of blood that contains a complex mixture of water, proteins, lipids, hormones, vitamins and cellular waste
Hematocrit The percentage of formed elements in the blood. Used to estimate RBC since <1% are WBC or platelets
Platelet also called thrombocytes. They are NOT complete cells. They are made in the bone marrow from large cells called megakaryocytes that fragment like a shattered plate releasing small sections of cytoplasm.
Leukocytes These are white blood cells that function in protection against disease
Erythrocytes These are red blood cells. They are biconcave discs without a nucleus that contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen.
Hemoglobin A red pigment molecule giving RBC their color. Made of a protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme. Binds and transports oxygen.
ABO blood group Based on the presence or absence of two major protein antigens on red blood cell membranes (antigen A and antigen B) A person with antigen A proteins only attached to the RBC membranes has type A blood.
antigens The surface proteins attached to the cell surface of the RBCs. Antigen A and Antigen B may or may not be attached to the RBC. It determines blood type.
agglutination The clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion reaction if the wrong blood types are given.
Rh blood group Named for a Rhesus monkey in which 1st studied. In humans the most important of the Rh antigens is antigen D. If it is present on the surface of RBCs then the person is said to be Rh positive.
antibodies proteins made by the immune system to attack foreigners. Blood antibodies attack "foreign" blood.
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