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Unit 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Science | |
| Observation | process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information |
| Inference | a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. |
| Hypothesis | Educated guess |
| Controlled Experiment | an independent variable is the only factor that is allowed to be adjusted |
| Independent Variable | a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another. |
| Dependent Variable | a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another. |
| Control Group | the group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers |
| Data | facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. |
| Theory | a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained |
| Bias | cause to feel or show inclination or prejudice for or against someone or something |
| Biology | the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms |
| Stimulus | a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue |
| Sexual Reproduction | |
| Asexual Reproduction | |
| Homeostasis | |
| Metabolism | the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
| Biosphere | the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth |
| Atom | the basic unit of a chemical element. |
| Nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth |
| Electron | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
| Element | each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter |
| Isotope | each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, |
| Compound | a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture |
| Ionic Bond | form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom |
| Ion | an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. |
| Covalent Bond | also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms |
| Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. |
| Cohesion | the action or fact of forming a united whole.: |
| Adhesion | the action or process of adhering to a surface or object |
| Mixture | a substance made by mixing other substances together |
| Solution | a liquid mixture in which the minor component |
| Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
| Solvent | able to dissolve other substances.: "osmotic, chemical, or solvent action |
| Suspension | a mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of a fluid |
| pH Scale | A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances |
| Acid | chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, |
| Base | a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water |
| Buffer | a solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. |
| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| Polymer | a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, |
| Carbohydrate | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. |
| Monosaccharide | any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar. |
| Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA |
| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group |
| Protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms |
| Amino Acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group. |
| Chemical Reaction | a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance |
| Reactant | a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. |
| Product | an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale |
| Activation Energy | the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction. |
| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |
| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Substrate | a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular. |
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