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Biology
Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Gamete | Haploid cells capable of fusion. Translate genes from one generation to the next in sexual reproduction. |
Fertilisation | The union of two gametes to form a single cell called a zygote |
Alleles | Different forms of the same gene |
Dominant | The allele that prevents the recessive allele from being expressed |
Recessive | The allele that is prevented from being expressed by a dominant allele |
Phenotype | The physical makeup/appearance of an organism |
Genotype | The genetic make up of an organism |
Homozygous | The alleles are identical. Also known as pure breeding. |
Heterozygous | The alleles are different |
Progeny | Offspring that are produced |
Co-Dominance | Neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other. Both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype |
Law of Segregation | States that inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles. These alleles segregate at gene formation with one member from each pair being found in a gene |
Monohybrid cross | Involves the study of a single characteristic |
Dihybrid cross | Involves the study of two characteristics |
Law of Independant assortment | States that either one of a pair of alleles is equally likely to join with either of another pair of alleles |
Linkage | Genes are located on the same chromosome |
Sex Linkage | A characteristic is controlled by a gene on an X chromosome |