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biology cells
cell structure and function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| eukaryotic cells | fungi, plants, 10-100 micrometers, nucleus with envelope, 80s, flagella/cilia made of tubulin, cytoskeleton, 1-100 mitochondria, chloroplasts in algae and plants, multi-cellular, mitosis. |
| prokaryotic cells | bacteria, 1-10 micrometers, no nucleus, 70s, few structures, flagellae/cilia made of flagellin, no mitochondria, no chloroplasts, single celled,simple division. |
| cell membrane | controls what enters/leaves the cell. |
| cytoplasm | everything within the cell membrane- cytosol and organelles. |
| nucleus | holds DNA in it, contains a nucleolus. |
| nuclear envelope | has pores so proteins and mRNA can pass through it. double membrane. |
| mitochondria | site of respiration. uses ATP. inner membrane of it has many fold, called cristae. |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis. |
| rough ER | has ribosomes on the outer side of it, site of protein synthesis. |
| smooth ER | where proteins are prepared for secretion, where polypeptides are converted into functional proteins. |
| golgi apparatus | processes proteins, packages them and secretes them. adds carbohydrates to them. pinches off vesicles. |
| lysosomes | site of protein digestion, formed pieces of golgi. |
| cytoskeleton | maintains the shape of the cell, serve as tracks for organelles to move along within the cell, they form the centriole. |
| centriole | two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other. |
| cilia and flagellae | assist movement,keep bacteria from entering the body. |
| cell wall (plant cells) | freely permeable, rigid- helps to support and protect the plant. |
| vacuoles (plant cells) | large membrane bound sac, storage area for waste |
| chloroplasts (plant cells) | thylakoids which contain chlorophyll, arranged in stacks called granum, space in-between- stroma. |
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