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earthquake
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chapter 8 and 10

TermDefinition
earthquake the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere
focus the point within Earth where an earthquake starts
seismic waves waves of energy releases by an earthquake
epicenter point on earths surface directly above the focus
elastic rebound sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape
body waves seismic waves that move through the inside of earth
P waves push-pull body wabes
S waves side to side body waves
surface waves side to side and rolling elliptical
seismograph instrument that measures motion of the ground,
seisomogram pen trace vibrations onto a moving drum of paper; a record
richter scale numerical scales based on height of largest seismic wave
moment magnitude scale measure the size of earthquakes
modified mercalli scale roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earth quake
liquefaction where soil and rock are satured with water so it can cause earthquakes
tsunami a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake
seismic gap what seismic waves are recorded on
crust the thin, rocky, outer layer of Earth divided into oceanic and contiental crust
mantle over 82% of earth volume is contained in the matle- a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers
outer core is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick
inner core a solis state by the immese pressure
moho boundary between the mantle an crust
ring of fire a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
hot spot volcanic areas far from plate boundries
viscoity measures of lavas resistant to flow
vent a crater
pyroclastic material particles produced in eruptions
valcano opening (vent) that allows magmato escape the surface
crater the top of the valcano
shield valcano quieyt eruptions of bastic lava
cinder cone expilsive eruptions of grantic magma
composite volcano combinataion of cinder and shield
caldera large depression in a valcano
lahar saturated volcanic debris that rapidly moves doen valcanoes as a mudfloe
pluton the cooling and hardening of magma beneaths the earth id structures final result
sill forms when magma flows parrell between sedimentary rock
laccolith a lens shaped pluton thats pushed the over layering rock layers upwards
dike forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock
batholith a body of intrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposures of more than 100 square kilometers
Created by: 3000290
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