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chapter 8 and 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere |
| focus | the point within Earth where an earthquake starts |
| seismic waves | waves of energy releases by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
| P waves | push-pull body wabes |
| S waves | side to side body waves |
| surface waves | side to side and rolling elliptical |
| seismograph | instrument that measures motion of the ground, |
| seisomogram | pen trace vibrations onto a moving drum of paper; a record |
| richter scale | numerical scales based on height of largest seismic wave |
| moment magnitude scale | measure the size of earthquakes |
| modified mercalli scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earth quake |
| liquefaction | where soil and rock are satured with water so it can cause earthquakes |
| tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | what seismic waves are recorded on |
| crust | the thin, rocky, outer layer of Earth divided into oceanic and contiental crust |
| mantle | over 82% of earth volume is contained in the matle- a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | a solis state by the immese pressure |
| moho | boundary between the mantle an crust |
| ring of fire | a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundries |
| viscoity | measures of lavas resistant to flow |
| vent | a crater |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in eruptions |
| valcano | opening (vent) that allows magmato escape the surface |
| crater | the top of the valcano |
| shield valcano | quieyt eruptions of bastic lava |
| cinder cone | expilsive eruptions of grantic magma |
| composite volcano | combinataion of cinder and shield |
| caldera | large depression in a valcano |
| lahar | saturated volcanic debris that rapidly moves doen valcanoes as a mudfloe |
| pluton | the cooling and hardening of magma beneaths the earth id structures final result |
| sill | forms when magma flows parrell between sedimentary rock |
| laccolith | a lens shaped pluton thats pushed the over layering rock layers upwards |
| dike | forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock |
| batholith | a body of intrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposures of more than 100 square kilometers |
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