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Term | Definition |
---|---|
earthquake | the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere |
focus | the point within Earth where an earthquake starts |
seismic waves | waves of energy releases by an earthquake |
epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus |
elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
P waves | push-pull body wabes |
S waves | side to side body waves |
surface waves | side to side and rolling elliptical |
seismograph | instrument that measures motion of the ground, |
seisomogram | pen trace vibrations onto a moving drum of paper; a record |
richter scale | numerical scales based on height of largest seismic wave |
moment magnitude scale | measure the size of earthquakes |
modified mercalli scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earth quake |
liquefaction | where soil and rock are satured with water so it can cause earthquakes |
tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
seismic gap | what seismic waves are recorded on |
crust | the thin, rocky, outer layer of Earth divided into oceanic and contiental crust |
mantle | over 82% of earth volume is contained in the matle- a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
outer core | is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
inner core | a solis state by the immese pressure |
moho | boundary between the mantle an crust |
ring of fire | a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur |
hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundries |
viscoity | measures of lavas resistant to flow |
vent | a crater |
pyroclastic material | particles produced in eruptions |
valcano | opening (vent) that allows magmato escape the surface |
crater | the top of the valcano |
shield valcano | quieyt eruptions of bastic lava |
cinder cone | expilsive eruptions of grantic magma |
composite volcano | combinataion of cinder and shield |
caldera | large depression in a valcano |
lahar | saturated volcanic debris that rapidly moves doen valcanoes as a mudfloe |
pluton | the cooling and hardening of magma beneaths the earth id structures final result |
sill | forms when magma flows parrell between sedimentary rock |
laccolith | a lens shaped pluton thats pushed the over layering rock layers upwards |
dike | forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock |
batholith | a body of intrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposures of more than 100 square kilometers |