chapter 8 and 10
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| earthquake | the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere
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| focus | the point within Earth where an earthquake starts
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| seismic waves | waves of energy releases by an earthquake
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| epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus
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| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape
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| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth
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| P waves | push-pull body wabes
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| S waves | side to side body waves
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| surface waves | side to side and rolling elliptical
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| seismograph | instrument that measures motion of the ground,
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| seisomogram | pen trace vibrations onto a moving drum of paper; a record
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| richter scale | numerical scales based on height of largest seismic wave
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| moment magnitude scale | measure the size of earthquakes
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| modified mercalli scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earth quake
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| liquefaction | where soil and rock are satured with water so it can cause earthquakes
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| tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake
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| seismic gap | what seismic waves are recorded on
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| crust | the thin, rocky, outer layer of Earth divided into oceanic and contiental crust
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| mantle | over 82% of earth volume is contained in the matle- a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers
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| outer core | is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick
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| inner core | a solis state by the immese pressure
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| moho | boundary between the mantle an crust
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| ring of fire | a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
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| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundries
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| viscoity | measures of lavas resistant to flow
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| vent | a crater
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| pyroclastic material | particles produced in eruptions
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| valcano | opening (vent) that allows magmato escape the surface
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| crater | the top of the valcano
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| shield valcano | quieyt eruptions of bastic lava
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| cinder cone | expilsive eruptions of grantic magma
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| composite volcano | combinataion of cinder and shield
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| caldera | large depression in a valcano
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| lahar | saturated volcanic debris that rapidly moves doen valcanoes as a mudfloe
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| pluton | the cooling and hardening of magma beneaths the earth id structures final result
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| sill | forms when magma flows parrell between sedimentary rock
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| laccolith | a lens shaped pluton thats pushed the over layering rock layers upwards
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| dike | forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock
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| batholith | a body of intrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposures of more than 100 square kilometers
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