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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground sometimes causing great distruction. |
| Focus | The center of interest or activity. |
| Seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| Epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus |
| Elastic rebound | explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake |
| Body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
| P waves | push-pull body waves |
| S waves | side to side body waves |
| Surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| Seismograph | an instrument that measures and records details about earthquakes. |
| Seismogram | a record produced by a seismograph |
| Richter Slcale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measurement the intensity created by an earthquake. |
| Liquefaction | Saturated soil loses strength and acts like a liquid during an earthquake |
| Tsunami | a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
| Seismic gap | is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time, |
| Crust | a crust is the outermost layer of a planet. |
| Mantle | is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust |
| Outer core | is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick |
| Inner core | is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 Kl (760 miles), which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. |
| Moho | boundary between the earths crust and its mantle |
| Ring of fire | The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. |
| Hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| Viscosity | the state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction |
| Vent | an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space |
| Pyroclastic material | Pyroclastic material is another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor. |
| Volcano | opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| Crater | a large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet or the moon, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite or other celestial body. |
| Shield volcano | a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava. |
| Cinder cone | A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent. |
| Composite volcano | A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers |
| Caldera | A large, bowl-shaped volcanic depression, a caldera forms when the top of a volcanic cone collapses into the space left after magma is ejected during a violent volcanic eruption. |
| Lahar | is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. |
| Pluton | a body of intrusive igneous rock. |
| Sill | a tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata |
| Laccolith | a mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome. |
| Dike | a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the sea. |
| Batholith | a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
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