chapter 8 & 10 vocab
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| Earthquake | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground sometimes causing great distruction.
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| Focus | The center of interest or activity.
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| Seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake
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| Epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus
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| Elastic rebound | explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake
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| Body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth
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| P waves | push-pull body waves
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| S waves | side to side body waves
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| Surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface
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| Seismograph | an instrument that measures and records details about earthquakes.
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| Seismogram | a record produced by a seismograph
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| Richter Slcale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave
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| Moment Magnitude Scale | more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released
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| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measurement the intensity created by an earthquake.
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| Liquefaction | Saturated soil loses strength and acts like a liquid during an earthquake
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| Tsunami | a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
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| Seismic gap | is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time,
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| Crust | a crust is the outermost layer of a planet.
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| Mantle | is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust
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| Outer core | is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick
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| Inner core | is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 Kl (760 miles), which is about 70% of the Moon's radius.
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| Moho | boundary between the earths crust and its mantle
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| Ring of fire | The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
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| Hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries
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| Viscosity | the state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction
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| Vent | an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space
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| Pyroclastic material | Pyroclastic material is another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor.
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| Volcano | opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface
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| Crater | a large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet or the moon, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite or other celestial body.
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| Shield volcano | a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.
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| Cinder cone | A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.
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| Composite volcano | A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers
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| Caldera | A large, bowl-shaped volcanic depression, a caldera forms when the top of a volcanic cone collapses into the space left after magma is ejected during a violent volcanic eruption.
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| Lahar | is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water.
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| Pluton | a body of intrusive igneous rock.
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| Sill | a tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata
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| Laccolith | a mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome.
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| Dike | a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the sea.
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| Batholith | a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.
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