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11 Biology
Chapter 11, Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| respiratory system | the group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide |
| respiration | all of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste |
| inspiration | the action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs |
| expiration | the action of releasing waste air from the lungs |
| gas exchange | the transfer of oxygen from the inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs |
| ventilation | the process of drawing or pumping, and oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface |
| diffusion gradient | describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| diaphragm | a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| Spirograph | a graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measuring by a spirometer |
| tidal volume | the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing |
| inspiratory reserve volume | the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation |
| expiratory reserve volume | the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation |
| vital capacity | the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs during a single breath |
| residual volume | the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation |
| pharynx | the passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus |
| trachea | the tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe |
| glottis | the opening of the trachea through which air enter the larynx |
| larynx | the structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal cords |
| bronchus | the passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs |
| bronchiole | the passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lung into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes |
| alveolus | a tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged in this sac |
| hemoglobin | an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body |
Created by:
honey.deering
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