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Chapter 4 Perio
Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Morphotype-Cocci-characteristics | spherical, streptococci most common |
| Morphotype-Bacilli or Rods-Charact. | rectangular |
| Morphotype-Filaments-Charact. | thread like branching rods |
| Morphotype-Fusiforms-charact. | thread like rods with tapered ends |
| Morphotype-Spirochetes-charact. | spiral |
| Polysaccharide and the Peptoglycan layer are gram negative or positive? | Gram positive |
| Glucans makes up capsuleBacterial adherence & aggregation | Polysaccharide |
| thick, composed of repeating units of two amino sugars; this is broken by Lysozyme, enzyme found in saliva and causes some bacterial lysis, thus providing some self-cleansing effect | Peptoglycan layer |
| Receptor proteinsLipopolysaccharidesgram neg. or pos.? | Gram negative outer membrane |
| All gram_______ periodontal organisms considered to be pathogens release toxin filled vesicles | negative |
| -require oxygen for growth | Aerobes |
| -do not need oxygen to survive | Anaerobes |
| -can survive with or without oxygen | Facultative anaerobic organisms |
| -can’t survive in oxygen environment | Obligate anaerobes |
| -requires or perfers carbon dioxide for growth | Capnophiles |
| ________ are fermentative or saccharolytic (get energy from sugars | Gram + |
| ________ are nonfermentative or asaccharolytic (get energy from amino acids, and proteins | Gram – |
| Facultative: A.ActinomycetemcomitansAnaerobic: P.Gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum | Rods Nonmotile |
| Veillonella alkalescens | Cocci Anaerobic |
| Treponema denticola | Spirochetes Anaerobic, Motile |
| Actinomyces israelii and naeslundii>>facultativeCorynebacterium matruchotii>>>facultativeEubacterim>>>anaerobicLactobacillus>>>facultative (straight rod) | Rods Irregular Morphologic Features |
| Streptococcus>>>facultativePeptostreptococcus micros>>>anaerobic | Cocci |
| Majority of micro-organisms are gram + and members of the streptococcus family | Dorsum of the tongue |
| Bacteria associated with halitosis and perio p.gingivalis | Dorsum of the tongue |
| 50% of malodor to plaque biofilm is found on the tongue | Dorsum of the tongue |
| Stretptococci predominant type of organism | Mucosa |
| Clears and translocates biofilms from within the oral cavity; antimicrobial proteins in help regulate microbe attachment to oral cavity surfaces | Saliva |
| supra-gingival biofilm is difficult to detect without dye solution; as it grows it becomes more visible. Sub-gingival can’t be seen unless you remove it with an instrument | Supra and Subgingival tooth surfaces |
| Tenacious membranous film that forms on teeth, restorations, calculus, and other solid surfaces | Pellicle |
| Abrasive agents remove, tooth brushing does NOTReforms within minutes | Pellicle |
| Colonization of bacteria is influenced by pellicleChemical composition is similar to that of saliva in that is forms salivary glycoproteins | Pellicle |
| Do all bacteria available in saliva can attach to the pellicle; formed from glycoproteins that selectively bind to the tooth? | no |
| -located on cell surface, usually on fimbriae or pilli | Adhesins |
| -recognize and link specific carbohydrate structures in the glycoproteins of the pellicle; these interactions promote the attachment of S. mutans and S.sanguis | Lectins |
| ___________ can also be inhibited by certain salivary components that bind to bacterial surfaces and coat them, blocking their surface receptors | Adherence |
| ______________is secreted by the salivary glands and is the predominant antibody in saliva; it coats the bacterial surfaces and prevents the attachment to the tooth surface | Immunoglobulin A |
| Anaerobic, gram-Gingival crevicular fluid-volume is increased with inflammation | Subgingival environment |
| -associated subgingival plaque-bacteria are densely packed adjacent to the pellicle covering the tooth surface. | Tooth |
| -associated subgingival plaque- no defined intercellular matrix; bacteria loosely adherent to surface | Tissue |
| Gingival health-gram ____, facultative anaerobes,cocci most predominant___of flora | gram + 2/3 |
| -P.gingivalis most important pathogen, pt’s have high amounts of gram – organisms and spirochetes; predominant organism is gram – anaerobic rods | Periodontitis |
| Characterized by a RAPID destruction of periodontal attachment over a short period of time | Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
| Usually around the permanent incisors and first molars in otherwise healthy children or teenagers with little plaque or inflammation | Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
| Genetics suggested because of familial patternOld school referred to as Localized Juvenile perio, no longer accepted by APA | Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
| Gram – rods dominateA. actinomycetemcomitans major pathogen | Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
| Similar to LAP, but in adultsInvolves most, if not all teethGram – rods predominateAntimicrobial therapy with SRP used for treatment | Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis |
| Characterized by necrotic, ulcerative lesions of the interdental papillae, severe pain, rapid loss of supporting structure, and significant halitosis | NUG and NUP |
| Harbor large numbers of spirochetes and P. Intermedia, with gram – rods accounting for more than 50% if the bacterial population | NUG and NUP |
| what Must be close to tissue and able to withstand forces of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid | Tissue proximity |
| Overcome system’s self defense mechanisms | Evasion of host defenses |
| P.gingivalis produces collagenase which degrades collagen tissues; A.actinomycetemcomitans release a bone resorbing toxin | Tissue destruction Direct effects- |
| microbial products activate immune inflammatory reactions, which cause tissue destruction | Indirect effects- |
| -the bacteria that colonize plaque in the first few hrs of growth do not possess the same pathogenic potential as the bacteria that dominate in plaque once it has accumulated for more than ______ hrs. | Plaque control, 24 |
| - frequent recall intervals for professional plaque control are effective b/c physical disruption of plaque biofilm converts the pathogenic flora back to a flora more compatible with health. | Therapy |
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