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Quiz 12/06/17
biology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the energy in food measured in? | small "c" calories |
How many calories are in a Calorie? | 1,000 |
How many calories does it take to raise 1 gram of water, 1 degree Celsius? | 1 calorie |
What do most Calories in our food come from? | Fat and Carbohydrates |
What is another name for Carbohydrates? | Sugars |
Describe a Monosaccharide | 1 carbohydrate. (single-unit sugar) |
Describe a Disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides (carbohydrates) linked together by dehydration reaction |
Describe a Polysaccharide | More than 3 carbohydrates (polymers of monosaccharides) linked together by dehydration reaction |
What does Monomer mean? | one part |
What does Polymer mean? | many parts |
What are 2 examples of monosaccharides? | glucose and fructose |
what are 2 examples of disaccharides? | lactose and sucrose |
what are 4 examples of polysaccharides? | starch, glycogen, chitin and cellulose |
What are the main fuel for cellular work? | Monosaccharides |
What is the process of making ATP? | cellular respiration |
What is the organelle that makes ATP through cellular respiration? | the Mitochondria |
What is the equation for cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + ATP = Cellular Respiration |
What are the two main types of energy? | Potential energy and Kinetic energy |
What is Kinetic energy? | The energy of motion. ex: Heat |
What is potential energy? | Stored energy. ex: chemical reactions |
What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Triphosphate |
What is the purpose of ATP? | to do cellular work |
What is a Macromolecule? | "gigantic" molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) |
Describe Dehydration Reaction | The loss of H2O when two molecules join |
What do cells do to link monomers together to make polymers? | Dehydration Reaction |
What does hydrolysis mean? | "to break with water" Cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them. (this is to break down polymers (think of digestion)) It is the opposite of dehydration reaction |
What is a hydroxyl? | 1 Oxygen atom and 1 Hydrogen atom |
What is an Enzyme? | a specialized macromolecule that speeds up chemical reactions of cells |
What is a carbohydrate made of? | Only CHO, the ratio of H:O is 2:1 |
What does Phosphorylation mean? | The addition of a Phosphate |
What is OIL RIG? | Oxidation Is Losing (electrons) Reduction Is Gaining (electrons) |
what is the general formula for all carbohydrates? | any multiple of CH2O |
math for calories | grams X degrees = calories |
What is specific heat? | the heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by a given amount (usually 1 degree) |
functions of monosaccharides | main fuel molecules for cellular work |
functions of disaccharides | sugars that we consume for QUICK ENERGY (breaks down into monosaccharides by hydrolysis) |
functions of polysaccharides | storage molecules and structural compounds |