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Anatomy Ch 10
Endochrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alpha cells | the cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that secrete the hormone glucogen |
| Beta cells | the cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin |
| catecholamines | epinphrine and norepinephrine, the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla |
| corpus luteum | the temporary endochrine gland formed from an ovarian follicle that has released an ovum;secretes progesterone and testrogen |
| gluconeogenesis | the conversion of glucose to glycogen to be stored as potential energy |
| glycogenolysis | the conversion of stored glycogen to glucose to be used for energy production |
| hypercalcemia | a high blood calcium level |
| hyperglycemia | a high blood glucose level |
| hypocalcemia | a low blood calcium level |
| hypoglycemia | a low blood glucose level |
| hypophysis | the pituitary gland |
| Islets of Langerhans | the endochrine portions of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon |
| prostaglandins | locally-acting hormone-like substances produced by virtually all cells from the phospholipids of their cell membranes |
| renin-angiotensin mechanism | a series of chemical reactions initiated by a decrease in blood pressure that stimulates the kidneys to secrete the enzyme renin |
| sympathomimetic | having the same effects as sympathetic impulses |
| target organ | the organ (or tissue) in which a hormone exerts its specific effects |
| acromegaly | hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult, resulting in excessive growth of the bones in the face, hands and feet |
| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of the hormones of the adrenal cortex, characterized by low blood pressure, dehydration, muscle weakness and mental lethargy |
| cretinism | hyposecretion of thyroxine in an infant |
| Cushing's syndrome | hypersecretion of the glucocoritcoids of the adrenal cortex, characterized by fragility of skin, poor wound healing, truncal fat deposition, and thin extremities |
| Diabetes mellitus | hyposecretion of insulin by the pancreas or the inability of insulin to exert its effects |
| goiter | an enlargement of the thyroid gland, due to a lack of dietary iodine |
| Graves' disease | hypersecretion of thyroxine, believed to be an autoimmune disease, symptoms reflect elevated metabolic rate |
| ketoacidosis | a metabolic acidosis that results from the accumulation of ketones in the blood when fats and proteins are used for energy production |
| myxedema | hyposecretion of thyroxine in an adult; decreased metabolic rate results in mental and physical lethargy |
| pituitary dwarfism | an endochrine gland located below the hypothalamus, consisting of anterior and posterior lobes. |
| giantism | excessive growth of the body or its parts; may be the result of hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood |
Created by:
Beina
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