click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DNA Review
DNA, Protein Synthesis, & DNA Technology - most important terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material |
nucleotide | monomer of DNA or RNA; consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
DNA replication | production of an identical copy of the DNA before a cell divides |
protein synthesis | production of proteins by transcription and translation |
transcription | happens in the nucleus; an mRNA copy is made from part of DNA called a gene |
translation | happens at the ribosomes; tRNA carrying the correct amino acid matches with the codon on the mRNA strand; amino acids bond in a chain |
mutation | a change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA |
gel electrophoresis | method of separating fragments of DNA by size, using an electric current |
DNA fingerprinting | using gel electrophoresis to make patterns of DNA bands |
transgenic organism | a genetically engineered organism with DNA from another species |
gene therapy | inserting the correct gene into patients with genetic disorders |