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DNA Review
DNA, Protein Synthesis, & DNA Technology - most important terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material |
| nucleotide | monomer of DNA or RNA; consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| DNA replication | production of an identical copy of the DNA before a cell divides |
| protein synthesis | production of proteins by transcription and translation |
| transcription | happens in the nucleus; an mRNA copy is made from part of DNA called a gene |
| translation | happens at the ribosomes; tRNA carrying the correct amino acid matches with the codon on the mRNA strand; amino acids bond in a chain |
| mutation | a change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA |
| gel electrophoresis | method of separating fragments of DNA by size, using an electric current |
| DNA fingerprinting | using gel electrophoresis to make patterns of DNA bands |
| transgenic organism | a genetically engineered organism with DNA from another species |
| gene therapy | inserting the correct gene into patients with genetic disorders |
Created by:
jdriscoll