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skeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functions of skeletal system | support, protects, movement, hematopoiesis |
| four major types of bones | long(humerus) short(carpals) flat (frontal) irregular (spinal) |
| diaphysis or shaft | hollow tube of hard compact bone (shaft of long bone) |
| epiphyses or end of long bone | made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow |
| hematopoiesis occurs | ends of long bones |
| structure of flat bones | thin layer of compact bone surrounding cancellous (spongy or diploe) bone Open spaces within spongy bone are surrounded by bony trabeculae |
| compact bone | structural unit is an osteon calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings covered by periosteum (dense) |
| bone cells | osteocytes |
| spongy bones | found in epiphyses of bones appears porous spaces contain red blood marrow texture results from trabeculae |
| osteoblasts | bone building cells |
| Bone remodeling | continuing "sculpting " by osteoblasts and osteoclasts bones giving the abiltiy to ossify, grow, change shape, heal |
| skeleton can still grow as long as there is | cartilage left in the epiphyseal plate |
| epiphyseal line (bone) replaces ? when growth ceases | epiphyseal plate (cartliage) |
| sternum and sacrum are part of the | axial skeleton |
| appendicular skeleton (126) bones | upper extremities- shoulder (pectoral) girdle lower extremities- hip (pelvic) girdle |
| skeletal divisons | axial and appendicular |
| true ribs | pairs 1-7 attached to sternum |
| false ribs | pairs 8-10 , attached to cartilage 7 |
| floating ribs | pairs 11-12, no anterior attachment |
| shape of pelvis | male pelvis deep and narrow female broad and shallow |
| pubic angle in female | female wider for baby to pass (greater than 90 degrees) |
| osteoporosis | loss of calicified bone matrix bones fracture easily occurs most in postmenopausal woman with calcium deficiencies |
| rickets and osteomalacia | both characterized by loss of bone minerals related to vitamin D. |
| rickets | bowing of legs because of insufficient amount of vitamin D in children. Prevents bone mineralization |
| osteoarthritis | deterioration of the bone in a joint through wear and tear. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the joints causing swelling, pain, inflammation. |
| osteoclast | cell that breaks down bone (resorption) |
| collagen | the organic component that makes up the fibers in bones. |
| Calcium phosphate | The inorganic mineral composition of bone |
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