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Geraud Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Key Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
cell wall | rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants and most bacteria. |
cytoplasm | gel-like mixture inside the cell in which organelles move about. |
cell membrane | protective outer covering of all cells that regulates what enters and exits the cell. |
nucleus | organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material and DNA. |
organelles | structures in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform different jobs for the cell. |
mitochondria | cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy. |
endoplasmic reticulum | cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell. |
cytoskeleton | rigid structure inside of animal cells that helps keep their shape. |
tissue | group of similar cells that work together to do one job. |
prokaryotic | a type of cell that does not have organelles such as a bacteria. |
eukaryotic | a type of cell that does have organelles such as an animal or plant cell. |
golgi bodies | organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell. |
vacuoles | organelles that store materials such as water, food or waste. |
lysosomes | organelles that recycle old cell parts and waste. |
cell | smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions. |
organ | structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together. |
organ system | group of organs that work together to do a job such as the digestive system. |
organism | any living thing. |
microscope | a tool used to magnify small objects such as cells. |
electron microscope | powerful microscopes that can magnify up to 1,000,000x |
cell theory | states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells. |
vaccine | a way to prevent the spread of viruses by injecting a weakened virus into the body to build a defense against the virus. |
common cold virus | a common virus that has no vaccine. |
gene therapy | a way to use a virus to insert missing genetic information into a patient with a genetic disorder. |
host cell | what a virus needs in order to make new viruses. |
latent virus | a virus that is not active but at any time could be activated in the body such as a cold sore. |