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Bio 1101 Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | the capacity to do work, either actively or stored for later. |
| Exergonic | an energy yielding process- composed of exothermic and exophotic |
| Endergonic | an energy requiring process- composed of endothermic and endophotic |
| Entropy(S) | a measure of randomness in a system |
| Free energy | energy which is available to do work |
| Gibbs free energy exchange | the change n heat minus the change in entropy multiplied by the absolute temperature |
| First law of thermodynamics | the total energy in the universe is constant and therefore energy can NOT be created nor destroyed |
| Second law of thermodynamics | in the universe, the total amount of free energy available for doing work is declining because this energy is being lost in some other energy form |
| Oxidation | loss of an electron |
| Reduction | the gain of an electron |
| Metabolism | the sum of all energy exchanges that occur through chemical reactions |
| Anabolism | all chemical reactions involved in biosynthesis (building up) |
| Catabolism | all chemical reactions involved in the degradation of larger particles (breaking down) |
| Enzymes | water-soluble proteins which lower the activation energy of chemical reactions in living cells |
| Cofactors | change the shape of enzymes to help them fit and process their respective substrate |
| ATP | how your body stores energy |
| Phosphorylation | the process of making ATP |
| Photophosphorylation | the use of light to make ATP |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | the use of oxygen to make ATP |
| Enzymes are mad up of | amino acid monomers |
| Combination | A+B+E----AB-E----AB+E |
| Dissociation | AB+E----AB-E-----A+B+E |
| Active site | where the enzyme chemically alter the substrate |
| Catalyst | affect but do NOT chemically change themselves during the reaction |
| Enzymes have an optimum temperature | 37 degrees C= 98.6 degrees F |
| Irreversible Inhibition | binding of chemically active substance to key R-groups which causes permanent damage/death. |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | reversible if treated in time; a chemically related substrate occupies another site besides the active site to cause temporary change in the enzymes shape |
| Competitive Inhibition | reversible; a chemically related substrate occupies the active site |
| Allosteric Interaction | the "other shape"; involved in negative feedback control of enzymes/hormones |
| Allosteric Effectors | cofactors, coenzymes, or a product made by the enzyme |
Created by:
twymbs
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