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PCS Liv Env
Cell Division
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | one parent; 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent |
| binary fission | parent organism divides into 2 EQUAL parts ex. bacteria, ameba |
| budding | parent organism divides into 2 UNEQUAL parts ex. yeast, hydra |
| spore formation | specialized cells which will be released to germinate and grow into new ex. mold |
| regeneration | organism can grow from a part/section ex. starfish, some worms |
| How does an organism increase in size? | - having each cell enlarge - increasing the number of cells |
| Can cells increase in size indefinitely? | No |
| Why can't cells increase in size indefinitely? | - DNA overload (more demand on DNA) - the size gets too great for cell membrane - trouble moving enough food/oxygen in and waste out - uses up food and oxygen quickly |
| Cell Division (mitotic phase) | process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells |
| What happens when a cell divides? | each daughter cell gets its own copy of the parent's cell DNA |
| chromatid | 2 identical DNA strands |
| centromere | the pace where the chromatids are connected |
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? | Mitosis, G1 phase, DNA synthesis, G2 phase |
| What is the cell cycle? | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| Mitosis | when the nucleus divides to form 2 nuclei |
| What are the phases of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| prophase | 1st phase; the chromosomes appear condensed and the nuclear envelope is not apparent |
| metaphase | 2nd phase; chromosomes are lined up in the center; spindle fibers are attached to the chromosome Hint: Metaphase = M (middle) |
| anaphase | 3rd phase; chromosomes have separated and are moving toward the poles HINT: Anaphase = A (apart) |
| telophase | 4th phase; chromosomes are at the poles; nuclear envelope is reforming |
| cytokinesis | cell membrane pinches together to form 2 cells. In plants, the cell plate becomes the cell wall |
| When will a cell stop growing? | when the cell comes into contact with other cells |
| cyclins | proteins that control the timing of the cell cycle |
| cancer | when the body doesn't respond to the regulatory signals; masses of cells called tumors |
| tumors | masses of cancer cells |
Created by:
Ms.Sala
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