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IGHS Winkels
Biology Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings |
| Biosphere | contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air(atmosphere) |
| Species | a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| Populations | study of groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
| Communities | a gathering of different populations that live together in a defined area |
| Ecosystem | a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment |
| Biome | a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
| Autotrophs | plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food |
| Producers(plants) | make their own food from the sun |
| Photosynthesis | a chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Chemosynthesis | when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| Heterotrophs | organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
| Consumers (heterotrophs) | herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detrivores and decomposers |
| Herbivores | eat only plants/cows, caterpillars, and deer |
| Carnivores | eat animals/snakes, dogs, and owls |
| Omnivores | eat plants and animals/humans, bears, and crows |
| Detrivores | feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter/mites, earthworms snails and crabs |
| Decomposers | break down organic matter/bacteria and fungi |
| Food Chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| Food Web | links all the food chains in an ecosystem together |
| Trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| Ecological Pyramid | a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
| Biomass | the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
| Biochemical cycle | elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another/from one biopshere to another |
| Evaporation | the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas |
| Transpiration | when water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from the leaves of plants |
| Nutrients | all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
| Nitrogen fixation | when bacteria that live in the soil and on the roots of legumes convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| Denitrification | when other bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
| Primary productivity | the rate at which organic matter is created by producers |
| Limiting nutrient | a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly in the soil |
| Algal bloom | an immediate increase in the amount of algae in an aquatic ecosystem caused by farm field runoff |
Created by:
Winkels
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