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1611-202 A & P
Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of the structure of the human body parts and their relationship to one another |
| Physiology | Study of the function of the parts of the body's structural machinery |
| Vestigial Organs | Ear Muscles, Body Hair, Wisdom Teeth, Coccyx/Tailbone, Little Toe, Internal eye lid |
| Parts of Anatomy | Gross or Macroscopic Microscopic Developmental- Embryologic |
| Physiology considers the operation of specific organ systems | Renal Neurophysiology Cardiovascular |
| Physiology focuses on the functions of the | Body, often at the cellular or molecular level |
| Understanding physiology also requires a knowledge of physics which explains | -Electrical Currents -Blood Pressure -The way muscle uses bone for movement |
| Principal of Complimentarity | -Function always reflects structure -What a structure can do depends on its specific form |
| Choices for living things | -Adapt -Migrate (leave) -Die (become vestigial) |
| Chemical Level of Structural Organization | -atoms combine to form molecules -over 110 elements -Hg and Br are liquid at room temperature -C, H, O, N are most abundant elements in our body - Molecules & Compounds - Macromolecules- 4: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids |
| Tissue- Consists of similar types of cells | 4 types: -Epithelium -Muscle -Nerves -Connective |
| Organ- Made up of different types of tissue | A lot of them |
| Organ Systems- Consists of different organs that work closely together | 11 systems: Integumentary, Skeletal, Nervous, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive, Endocrine, Digestive |
| Organismal System | Made up of the organ systems |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Cytology- study of cells Histology- study of tissues |
| Integumentary System | -Forms the external body covering -Composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair & nails -Protects deep tissues from injury & synthesizes vitamin D |
| Skeletal System | Protects and supports body organs, & provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals. |
| Muscular System | Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat. |
| Nervous System | As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal & external changes by activating appropriate muscles & glands. |
| Endocrine System | Glands secrete hormones that regulate processess such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. |
| Cardiovascular System | Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood. |
| Lymphatic System/Immunity | Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels & returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity. The immunity response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body. |
| Respiratory System | Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells, indigestivle foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. |
| Urinary System | Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood. |
| Male Reproductive/ Female Reproductive | Overall function is production of offspring. |
| Organ Systems Interrelationships | -Integumentary system protects the body from the external environment -Digestive & Respiratory systems in contact with the external environment, take in nutrients & oxygen |
| Necessary Life Functions | Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth |
| Maintaining boundaries | The internal environment remains distinct from the external environment -cellular level- accomplished by plasma membranes -organismal level- accomplished by the skin |
| Movement | Locomotion, propulsion (peristalisis), and contractility |
| Responsiveness | Ability to sense changes in the environment & respond to them |
| Digestion | Breakdown of ingested foods |
| Metabolism | All the chemical reactions that occur in the body |
| Excretion | Removal of wastes from the body |
| Reproduction | Cellular & organismal levels -cellular- an original cell divides & produces two identical daughter cells -organismal- sperm & egg unite to make a whole new person |
| Growth | Increase in size of a body part or of the organism |
| Survival Needs | Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal Body Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure |
| Nutrients | Needed for energy & cell building |
| Oxygen | Necessary for metabolic reactions |
| Water/Hydrolysis | Provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions |
| Normal Body Temperature | Necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life sustaining rates |
| Atmospheric Pressure | Required for proper breathing & gas exchange in the lungs |
| Homeostasis | Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing |
Created by:
geigermi
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