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chapter 3.1/2/3
vocab terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cell theory | -all organisms are made of cells -all existing cells are produced by other living cells -the cell is the most basic unit of life |
cytoplasm | a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks (proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, ions, etc) |
organelle | structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell |
prokaryotic cell | cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. the DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm |
eukaryotic cell | cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. the nucleus encloses the genetic information |
cytoskeleton | found in each eukaryotic cell; a flexible network of proteins that provide structural support for the cell |
nucleus | the storehouse for most genetic information, or DNA, in cells |
endoplasmic reticulum | an interconnected network of thin, folded membranes |
ribosome | tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins |
Golgi apparatus | consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that protect, sort, and deliver proteins |
vesicle | a general name used to describe small, membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place in a cell |
mitochondria | supply energy to the cell; bean shaped with two membranes |
vacuole | a fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell (water, inorganic ions, enzymes, etc) |
lysosome | membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes; defends a cell from invading bacteria and viruses |
centriole | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle |
cell wall | a rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to plant cells |
chloroplast | organelles that carry out photosynthesis |
cell membrane | forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell |
phospholipid | a molecule composed of a charged phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains |
fluid mosaic model | describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
selective permeability | the property of a cell membrane that allows some, but not all, materials to cross from outside to the inside of a cell |
receptor | a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |