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Nursing Fundamentals
Nursing Fundamentals for Finals Mod A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American Nurses Association (ANA) | the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities |
| Florence NIghtingale | developed the first organized training program for nurses |
| Clara Barton | founder of the American Red Cross |
| Harriet Tubman | underground railroad |
| Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) | a nurse who completes a practical nursing program and passes a licensure exam. Practices under the supervision of an RN or other licensed person. |
| Registered Nurse (RN) | completion of an associates degree, diploma/baccalaureate degree program in nursing |
| In-service education | programs that are instructed/training by a healthcare agency or institution designed to increase knowledge, skills, and competencies of nurses and other HCP's |
| Code of Ethics | formal statement that delineates a profession's guidelines for ethical behavior; sets standards or expectations for the professional to achieve |
| 3 essential nursing components | 1. Cure 2. Cure 3. Coordination |
| Nurse Practice Act (NPA) | regulates the scope of nursing practice for the state and protects public health, safety, and welfare |
| Caregiver | helps patients maintain and regain health, manage disease & symptoms and maintain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process |
| Patient Advocate | protect your patient's human and legal rights and will provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises (acting on behalf of your patient) |
| Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) | independently functioning nurse |
| Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) | APRN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice |
| Nurse Practitioner (NP) | APRN who provides healthcare to a group of patients , usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting |
| Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) | APRN who is educated in midwifery |
| Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) | APRN with advanced education in anesthesia accredited program |
| Nurse Educator | works in schools of nursing; staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments |
| Nurse Administrator | manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a facility |
| Nurse Researcher | investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice |
| Professional Organization | deals with issues of concern to those practicing in the profession |
| National League for Nursing (NLN) | advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a diverse population in a changing health care environment |
| American Nurse Association (ANA) | the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities |
| International Council of Nurses (ICN) | promoting national associations of nurses, improving standards of nursing practice, seeking a higher status for nurses, and providing an international power base for nurses |
| Genomics | the study of all the genes in a person and interactions of the genes with on another and with at person's environment |
| Health | a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle |
| Health beliefs | a peron's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness |
| Health Belief Model | addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs/behaviors |
| Health Promotion Model | describes the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within their environment to pursue health |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | a model developed by Abram Maslow; used to explain human motivation (basic needs) |
| Holistic Model | comprehensive view of a person as a biopsychosocial/spiritual being. Health maintenance |
| Passive strategies of health promotion | individuals gain from the activities of others w/out acting themselves |
| Active strategies of health promotion | individuals adopt specific health programs |
| Health Promotion | activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition; motivate to act positively |
| Wellness Education | teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way |
| Illness Prevention | activities such as immunization programs protect pt's from actual or potential threats to health |
| 3 Levels of Health Prevention | 1. Primary Prevention (meds, change in diet) 2. Secondary Prevention (going for check-ups) 3. Tertiary Prevention (preventative care) |
| Risk Factor | any situation, habit, environmental condition, physiological condition, or other variable that increases an individual/group vulnerability to an illness/accident |
| Illness | a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished/impaired |
| Acute illness | short term and severe |
| Chronic illness | longer than 6 months and sometimes life threatening |
| Illness behaviors | cognitive, affective and behavioral reactions; how a person interprets their symptoms, take remedial action and use health care system |
| Internal Variables | perception of symptoms and nature (acute or chronic) way a patient behaves when ill |
| External Variables | visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, etc |
| Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSRO) | review the quantity, quality, and cost of health care services provided through Medicare/Medicaid |
| Utilization Review Committees (UR) | review admissions, diagnostic testing and treatments provided by HCP's |
| Prospective Payment System (PPS) | eliminated cost-based reimbursements |
| Diagnostic-Related Groups (DRGs) | fixed reimbursement amount w/ adjustments for cost severity (set dollar amount) |
| Capitation | payment mechanism in which provider's receive a fix amount per month per patient or enrollee of a health care plan |
| Managed Care | systems in which a payer has control over primary health care srvs. |
| Integrated Deliver Networks (IDNs) | a set of providers and services organized to deliver a coordinated continuum of care to the population of patients in a specific market or geographic area |
| 6 Levels of Care | 1. Preventive 2. Primary 3. Secondary 4. Tertiary 5. Restorative 6. Continuing Care |
| Acute Care | patient's who have signs and symptoms of disease are diagnosed and treated |
| Restorative Care | settings and services in which pt's who are recovering from illness or disability receive rehab and supportive care |
| Primary Care | -prenatal, well-baby, nutrition counseling, family planning, exercise |
| Secondary Care | -emergency care, acute med-surg., radiological procedures |
| Tertiary Care | -intensive care, psychiatric |
| Restorative Care | -cardiovascular/pulmonary, sports medicine, home care |
| Continuing Care | -assisted living, psychiatric /older-adult day care |
| Discharge Planning | centralized, coordinated, multidisciplinary process that ensures that a pt. has a plan for care after leaving hospital |
| REMEMBER!!! When does discharge begin????? | The moment a patient is admitted!!!!! |
| Intensive Care | ICU/CCU unstable/critically ill close monitoring most expensive |
| Mental Health Facilities | pt's w/ emotional/behavioral problems voluntary/involuntary Inpatient/Outpatient services |
| Rural Hospitals | CAH hospital in rural area 24 E.R. care 25 patient's or less stabilization before transfer |
| Restorative Care | pt's recoving from acute/chronic illness or disabilities |
| Home Care | provision of medically related professional services/equipment to patients and families in their home |
| Rehabilitation | P.T./O.T./S.T., psychological, social services; use of multiple therapies |
| Extended Care Facilities | intermediate care, skilled care, long-term care, assisted living |
| The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 | nursing home reform act |
| Minimum Data Set (MDS) | required by omnibus; uniform data set established by Dept. of Health (DHS), framework for any state-specified assessment instruments used to develop a written/comprehensive plan of care |
| Respite Care | short-term relief for people providing home care |
| Adult Day Care | health/social services to specific patient populations who live alone or w/ family |
| Hospice | family-centered care that allows patients to live and remain at home w/ comfort and dignity caused by terminal illness |
| Patient-Centered Care | concept to improve/work efficiently by changing the way patient care is delivered |
| Magnet Recognition Program | to recognize health care organizations that achieve excellence in nursing practice |
| Case Manager | makes an appropriate plan of care based on assessment |
| Epidemiologist | a person who studies in the branch of medicine and deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases |
| Common Law | judicial decisions or case law precedent |
| Statutory law | rules codified by legislative bodies of government |
| Nurse Practice Acts (NPA) | define the scope of nursing practice and expanded nursing care |
| Due Process | required State Board to notify nurse of charges, conduct hearing, offer defense with or without legal counsel |
| Criminal Laws | federal/state laws; crime certain actions that inflict/threaten substantial harm to individuals |
| Tort | wrongful act/acts against a person/persons property that are compensated by awarding monetary damages to the individual violated |
| Intentional Tort | deliberate act of wrongful conduct (assault/battery) |
| Assault | intentional threat toward another person that places that person in harmful, imminent , or unwelcome contact |
| Battery | intentional offensive touching w/o consent |
| Negligence | failure to use degree of care |
| Malpractice | failure to use the degree of care that a reasonable nurse would use under the same circumstances |
| Standards of Care | legal guidelines for minimally safe and adequate nursing practice |
| Risk Management | identifying possible risks, analyzing them, acting to reduce them and evaluating the measures taken to reduce them (occurrence report) |
| Never Events | preventable errors (falls, UTI's) that should never happen in a hospital setting |
| Good Samaritan Laws | laws that limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at a scene of an accident |
| Consent | signed consent by a patient for admission to a health care facility |
| Informed Consent | patient's agreement to allow something such as surgery to happen based on full disclosure |
| Restraint | manual method, physical, or mechanical device/material/equipment that immobilizes |
| 2 standards to determine death | 1. Cardio-pulmonary- lack of circulatory/respiratory function 2. irreversible failure of all functions of the entire brain/stem |
| Advanced Directives | written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment, living will |
| Living Will | instructing a provider to withhold/withdraw life-sustaining procedures |
| Durable Power of Attorney/Health Care Proxy | designates an individual to give consent when a patient is no longer able |
| Confidentiality | HIPAA, patients rights to consent to use and disclose protected health information |
| Ethics | standards of conduct, right/wrong behavior |
| Morals | the judgement about behavior |
| Value | a personal belief about the worth of a person |
| Bioethics | the study of ethics |
| Autonomy | person's independence; (nurse makes decision to give treatment w/o order due to pt's symptoms) |
| Justice | fairness; fair treatment |
| Fidelity | agreement to keep promises |
| Beneficence | promotes taking "positive/good" steps to help others |
| Non-maleficence | to do harm |
| Accountability | ability to answer for you own actions |
| Deontology | right/wrong based on "right making characteristics" such as truth and justice |
| Ethics of Care | health care workers resolve ethical dilemmas by paying attention to relationships and stories of the participants and by the promoting of fundamental act of caring |
| Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) | a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the conscientious use of best evidence w/ clinicians exptertise; making decisions about patient care |
| PICO (PICOT) | P = patient of interest I = intervention of interest C = comparison of interest O = outcome (achieve) T = Time (how long) |
| Sentinel Event | unexpected occurrence involving death/serious physical/psychological injury of a patient |
| Critical Thinking | continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, willing to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true/relevant |
| 3 Levels of Critical Thinking | 1. Basic 2. Complex 3. Commitment |
| Scientific Method | a way to solve problems using reasoning |
| Problem-Solving | information obtained and applying it together with what you already know |
| Intrapersonal Communication | "self-talk", powerful form of communication within a person |
| Interpersonal Communication | interaction that occurs between two people/small group |
| Denotative Meaning | individuals that use a common language |
| Connotative Meaning | shade/interpretation of the meaning of a word |
| Pacing | talking rapidly |
| Therapeutic Communication | verbal/nonverbal exchanges between the nurse and the patient |
| SBAR (sit back and assess the recommendation) | standard communication between health care providers S = situation B = background A = assessment R = recommendation |
| Language | assess the patient's understanding of ALL communication |
| Empathy | ability to understand and accept another person's perspective |
| Clarifying | validates whether the person interpreted the message correctly |
| Focusing | directs conversation to a specific topic/issue when a discussion becomes unclear |
| Paraphrasing | restating a sender's msg. in your own words |
| Summarizing | concise review of main ideas from a discussion |
| Self-disclosure | personal statements intentionally revealed to the other person |
| Instilling Hope | "sense of possibility" |
| Overusing Medical Vocabulary | can cause confusion/anxiety |
| Sympathy | concern, sorrow |
| Health People 2020 | key intervention strategy to improve health behaviors |
| Teaching | practice that results in an individuals learning knowledge, new behaviors or skills |
| Learning | purposeful acquisition of new knowledge |
| Referent | idea that initiates reason for communication |
| Domains of Learning | -cognitive - what a person knows -affective - person's feelings -psychomotor - person can do physically |
| Attention Set | the mental state that allows a learning to focus on and understand the material |
| Participating | you and the patient set objectives; participate in the learning process together |
| Entrusting | patient accepts responsibility and correctly performs a task while you observe |
| Reinforcement | using a stimulus that increases the probability of a response |
| Demonstration | showing patient what he/she needs to do |
| Return Demonstration | permits patient to perform skill as nurse observes |
| Analogies | two similar things |
| Caring | universal phenomenon influencing the way we think, feel and behave in relation to one another |
| 5 steps of the nursing process | 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation |
| Cue | information obtains through the senses (see) |
| Inference | your judgement/interpretation of cues |
| Gordon's 11 functional health patters | provides a holistic framework for assessment of a patients health history, from which you derive a broad range of nursing diagnosis |
| Subjective Data | patient's verbal description (what they tell you) |
| Objective Data | observations of a patients health status (what you see) |
| Open-ended questions | describes situation in more than 1 or 2 words; leads to discussion |
| Back-channeling | using words as "all right" "go on" or "uh huh" |
| Closed-ended questions | limit patients answers to 1 or 2 words such as "yes" or "no" |
| Validation | comparison of data with another source to confirm accuracy |
| Critical Thinking involves | logically analyzing and interpreting assessment data about a patient to form a clinical judgement |
| NANDA International (NANDA-I) | model for organizing nursing diagnosis for documentation, auditing, and communication process |
| Etiology | condition that responds to nursing intervention |
| PES Format | -Problem (problem) - Etiology (cause) -Symptoms (characteristics) |
| Patient-centered goal | broad statement that describes a desired change in a patients condition/behavior |
| 3 steps in choosing a nursing intervention | 1. know scientific rationale (reason) 2. possessing psychomotor/interpersonal skills 3. function within particular setting; using available resources |
| Independent Nursing | does not require a doctors order; take upon self |
| Dependent Nursing | requires a doctors order |
| Standard of Care | the minimum level of care accepted to ensure high quality of care to patients |
| RBC (red blood cells circulating) | Men: 4.7 - 6.1 Women: 4.2 - 5.4 |
| Hgb (hemoglobin) the 14 yr. old goblin goes trick/treating while transporting candy) | red protein responsible for transporting O2 in the blood Men: 14 - 18 Women: 12 - 16 |
| Hct (hematocrit) men (42) minus 5 for women (37) | volume of red blood cells : total blood volume Men: 42 - 52 Women: 37 - 47 |
| ESR | non specific marker for inflammation |
| Cultures | blood, wound, urine, etc (collection of) |
| urinalysis (UA) | looks for presence of WBC's, bacteria, etc in urine |
| WBC (white blood count) | measures the % of each type of leukocyte present 5,000 - 10,000 |
| WBC 4,000 and below | bone marrow failure, radiation, overwhelming infection, etc. |
| Granulocyte | WBC containing bacteria combating granules |
| Agranulocyte | WBC = no granules |
| Never Let Moneys / Eat Bananas Granulocyte Agranulocyte | Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes / Eosinphils Basophils Granulocyte Agranulocyte |
| Neutrophils (granulocyte) | 55 - 70 % -form in 7 - 14 days stay for only 6 hours -kill bacteria -produced by acute infection/trauma -bands form (infection |
| Lymphocytes (granulocyte) | 20 - 40% -fight bacteria and acute vial infections |
| Monocytes (granulocyte) | 2 - 8% -are phagocytic, fight bacteria, remove necrotic debris and microorganisms from the blood -produce rapidly |
| Basophils (Agranulocyte) | 0.5 - 1% -involved in allergic reactions -basos contain heparin, histamine, & serotonin, inflammatory response to allergic reaction increases -do not respond to bacterial/viral infection |
| Eosinophils (Agranulocyte) | 1 - 4% -as the allergic response increases so the number of eosinophils -do not respond to bacteria |
| ILIA/OSIS | high, up |
| PENIA (pick the penia off the ground) | low, down |
| Adult blood pressure | 120/80 |
| Adult pulse | 60 - 100 |
| Adult respirations | 12 - 20 |
| Normal Body Temperature | 96.8 - 100.4 F |
| 5 parts of an examination | Inspect Palpation Percussion Auscultation Smell |
| Resolving an Ethical Dilemma | step 1: ASK step 2: GATHER step 3: CLARIFY step 4: VERBALIZE step 5: IDENTIFY step 6: NEGOTIATE PLAN step 7: EVAULATE |
| Crackles | fine bubbling sounds in the lungs |
| Atrophy | wasted or reduced size of tissue |
| Adventitious Lung Sounds | Abnormal lung sounds |
| Turgor | normal resiliency of the skin |
| Melena | dark stool |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| Petichiae | tiny red/purple spots; minute hemorrhages |
| Pallor | paleness/lack of color in the skin |
| Orthopnea | abnormal condition in which a person must sit up or stand to breathe confortably |
| Cerumen | yellowish waxy substance found in the ear canal |
| Jaundice | yellowish discoloration of the skin; caused by greater amounts of bilirubin in the blood |
| Erythema | Redness |
| Edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Dorsal | back |
| Cyanosis | bluish color of the skin |
| Indurated | skin hardening |
| OTO- | ear |
| Arthro- | joint |
| Pre- | before |
| -ology | science/study of |
| Post- | after |
| tachy- | fast |
| eryth- | red |
| -ostomy | to form an opening |
| adeno- | glandular |
| bi- | double, two, twice |
| nephron- | kidney |
| Broncho | bronchi |
| derma- | skin |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| cardio- | heart |
| neuro- | nerve |
| chole- | gall/bile |
| -ectomy | surgical removal of |
| -lysis | disintegration |
| -osis | disease/condition |
| costo- | rib |
| -plasty | repair/reconstruction |
| vaso- | a vessel |
| -algia | pain |
| cysto- | bladder |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| mal- | bad/poor |
| dorso- | back |
| entero- | pertaining to intestines |
| glosso- | tongue |
| pan- | all |
| pneumo- | air |
| brachio- | arm |
| brady- | slow |
| ambi- | on both sides |
| hyper- | above, beyond, increased |
| gastro- | stomach |
| -rhage | hemorrage |
| ileo- | intestine |
| cholesysto- | gallbladder |
| - it is | inflammation of |
| -lith | stone/calculus |
| neo- | new |
| -genesis | origin/beginning |
| -rhea | excessive discharge |
| a- / an- | not/without |
| hemi- | half |
| -cele | tumor/swelling |
| auto- | self |
| hemo- | blood |
| gyneco- | female |
| extra- | outside of/in addition to |
| dys- | difficult/abnormal |
| ad- | to/toward |
| leuko- | white |
| hepato- | liver |
| -cide | kill/destroy |
| hemato- | blood |
| -emia | blood |
| osteo- | bone |
| histo- | tissue |
| Heat Loss | normal heat loss through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation |
| Diaphoresis | excessive sweating |
| Pyrexia | FEVER |
| Febrile | elevated body temperature FEVER |
| Afebrile | without fever |
| Sustained Fever | constant body temperature |
| Intermittent Fever | Fever spikes; returns to acceptable level in 24 hours |
| Remittent Fever | Fever spikes; falls w/o returning to normal temperature |
| Relapsing Fever | Fever mixed w/ normal temperature lasting longer than 24 hours |
| Antipyretics | medication that reduce fever |
| Hyperthermia | elevated body temperature due to inability to promote heat loss |
| Heat Stroke | prolonged exposure to the sun or high temperatures |
| Hypothermia | heat loss during prolonged exposure to cold |
| Oral Temp. | easy accessible; no patient position change |
| Tympanic Temp. | easy accessible; minimal patient repositioning/not waking pt. |
| Rectal Temp. | Gold standard for core temp.; more reliable than oral; difficult/ impossible to obtain |
| Axilla | safe/inexpensive; used on newborns, children, or unconscious |
| Skin Temp. | inexpensive; continuous reading; safe/nonevasive |
| Temporal Artery | easy access; no position change; rapid measurement; no risk/injury |
| 5 major parts of a stethescope | earpiece binaurals tubing bell chest piece diaphragm chest piece |
| Temporal Pulse | over temporal bone of head; above lateral eye |
| Carotid Pulse | along medial edge of sternocleidomastoid in neck |
| Apical Pulse | 5th intercostal space at left mid-clavicular line |
| Brachial Pulse | groove between biceps/triceps muscles at antecubital fossa |
| Radial Pulse | radial/thumb side of forearm at the wrist |
| Ulnar Pulse | ulnar side of forearm at wrist |
| Femoral Pulse | below inguinal ligament; midway between symphysis pubis and anterior superior iliac spine |
| Popliteal Pulse | behind the knee |
| Posterior Tibial Pulse | inner side of ankle; below medial malleolus |
| Dorsalis Pedis Paulse | along top of the foot; between tendons of great and first toe |
| Pulse rate | speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm) |
| Tachycardia | elevated heart rate; more than 100 beats/min. |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate; less than 60 beats/min. |
| Dysrhythmia | regular interval interrupted by an early/late/missed beat |
| Blood pressure | force EXERTED on the walls of an artery created by pulsing blood under pressure from the HEART |
| Systolic Pressure | PEAK pressure; top number (SBP) |
| Diastolic Pressure | MINIMAL pressure; bottom number (DBP) |
| Pulse Pressure | the difference between systolic/diastolic |
| Hypertension | persistently elevated blood pressure; systolic greater than 140 : diastolic greater than 90 -if measured high like this 2 times |
| Hypotension | low blood pressure; systolic less than 90 : diastolic less than 60 |
| Auscultation | listening to sounds produced by the body w/ stethescope |
| Korotkoff Sound | clear, rhythmic tapping series that corresponds to the pulse rate and gradually increases in intensity |
| Auscultatory Gap | temporary disappearance of sound |
| Respiration | mechanism the body uses to exchange gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells |
| Ventilation | movement of gases INTO and OUT of the lungs |
| Diffusion | movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells |
| Perfusion | distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries (e.g. capillary refill) |
| Eupnea | normal rate and depth of ventilation |
| Respiration rate | full inspiration and expiration = 1 |
| Bradypnea | respiratory rate less than 12 / min. or lower |
| Tachypnea | respiratory rate more than 20 / minute or higher |
| Apnea | lack of respiratory movement |
| Pulse Oximetry | indirect measurement of oxygen in the blood (5th vital sign) |
| ETCO2 (end-tidal carbon dioxide) | measures the exhaled carbon dioxide |
| Chief Concern | why patient is seeking health care |
| Inspection | the use of vision to distinguish normal from abnormal findings |
| Percussion | tapping the body with the fingertips |
| Olfaction | SMELL |
| Integument | skin, hair, scalp, and nails |
| Documentation | a legal document used for malpractice issues; correct time of events, signing orders and billing |
| Electronic Health Record (EHR) | electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting |
| Meaningful Use | level with which I.T. is available and used to support clinic decision to improve quality/safety |
| Incident/Occurrence Report | when an actual/potential injury happens, but is not part of a patient record |
| Infection | the invasion of a susceptible host by potentially harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) |
| Colonization | the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host |
| Symptomatic | pathogens that multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms are not present |
| Chain of Infection | Agent Reservoir Port of exit/entry mode of transmission susceptible host |
| Carrier | person that hosts a disease, but shows no symptoms |
| Flora | large number of microorganisms residing on the surface and deep layers of the skin, in the saliva, and on the oral mucosa and intestinal walls |
| Suprainfection | secondary infection |
| Fomites | inanimate surfaces (counter/desk) |
| Inflammation | protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to interstitial tissues in an area of injury |
| Necrotic | of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease/injury |
| Antigen | foreign material |
| Health-Care Aquired Infection (HAI) | patient develops an infection that was not present at the time of admission |
| Exogenous-Infection (OUT) | comes from microorganisms found OUTSIDE the body |
| Endogenous-Infection (IN) | occurs when part of a patients flora becomes altered INSIDE the body |
| Aseptic Technique | an effort to keep patients as free from exposure to infection-causing pathogens as possible |
| Asepsis | the absence of disease |
| Medical Asepsis | clean techniques includes procedures used to reduce the number and prevent the spread of microorganisms (handwashing/PPE) |
| Surgical Asepsis | sterile technique, includes procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from an area |
| Standard Precautions | good hand hygiene and use of barriers such as gloves/mask |
| Disinfection | eliminates all pathogenic organisms with the EXCEPTION of bacterial spores |
| Sterilization | eliminates/destroys ALL forms of microbial life |
| 3 types of transmission | -airborne -droplet -contact precautions |
| Homeostasis | state of relative constancy in the internal environment of the body equilibrium; maintained naturally by physiological adaptive mechanisms |
| Carbon Monoxide | affects a person's oxygenation by binding strong with hemoglobin; reducing supply of oxygen delivered to tissues |
| Immunization | process by which RESISTANCE to an infectious disease is produced or increased |
| C.U.S. | I'm CONCERNED I'm UNCOMFORTABLE SAFE ("this is not safe, you should stop now") |
| RACE | Rescue Activate Confine Extinguish |
| Auditory | hearing |
| Tactile | touch |
| Gustatory | taste |
| Proprioception | body's ability to sense its position and movement in space |
| Sensory Deficits | LOW vision/blindness; problem w/ reception; rely on other senses |
| Sensory Deprivation | INADEQUATE quality/quantity of stimuli; impairs perception |
| Sensory Overload | MULTIPLE sensory stimuli; to much going on |
| Presbycusis | decreased hearing acuity, speech intelligibility, and pitch discrimination |
| Accommodation | reduced depth perception and reduced color discrimination |
| Ototoxic | analgesics, antibiotics affecting hearing acuity |
| Tinnitus | ringing in the ears |
| Presbyopia | gradual decline in ability of the lens to focus |
| Meniere's Disease | cause unknown (vertigo, tinnitus) |
| Gerontology | study of all aspects of the aging process |
| Geriatrics | dealing with physiology/psychology of aging in older adults |
| Alzheimers | form of dementia |
| Dementia | generalized impairment of intellectual functioning that interferes with social and occupational functioning; gradual; progressive |
| Ischemic Vascular Dementia | 2nd form of dementia; reversible; stroke or onset gradual |
Created by:
Smccunn
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