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section 6-1

6-1 vocab

QuestionAnswer
gene segment of dna that transmits information from parent to offspring
chromosome a rod shaped structure that forms a single dna molecule
chromatids the two copies of each chromosome
centromere a protein disk that attaches two chromatids together
homologous chromosomes the two copies of each chromosome
diploid when a cel contains two homolougues of each chromosome
gametes egg and sperm cells
haploid when a cell contains only one homologue of each chromosome
zygote a fertilized egg cell and the first cell of a new individual
trisomy when a diploid cell has an extra chromosome
karyotype the collection of chromosomes found in an individual's cell
Down syndrome The traits produced by having an extra copy of chromosome 21
disjunction when a cell divides normally each chromosome and it's homologue seperate
nondisjunction when one or more chromosomes fail to seperate properly
amniocentesis when a physician uses a needle and a syringe to remove a small amount of fluid from the amnion
amnion the sac that surrounds the fetus
chorionic villi sampling when a physician analyzes a karyotype
mutations changes in an organisms genetic material
deletion when a fragment of a chromosome breaks off, it can be lost when the cell divides causing a mutation
duplication when a chromosome fragment attaches to it's homologous chromosome which will then carry two copies of a certain set of genes
inversion when the fragment reattaches to it's original chromosome in the reverse orientation
translocation when a fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome
autosomes of 23 pairs of chromosomes in human somatic cells, 22 pairs are the same in males and females
sex chromosomes the chromosomes that differ between males and females
binnary fission form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
cell cycle life of a eukaryotic cell
G1 growth fase of the cell
s phase when dna is copied
G2 phase preperation for nuclear division is made
m phase the phase where mitosis occurs
mitosis when the nucleaus of a cell divides in 2 nuclei
c phase when the cytoplasm divides
cytokinesis the process in which the cytoplasm divides
interphase the g1, g2, ands phases
spindle fiber the cables in the spindle
kinetochore a disk protein
Created by: dumbo7
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