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Biochemistry Vocab
| Term | Definiation |
|---|---|
| Respiration | Process used by organisms to release the energy from food |
| Transport (Circulation) | The movement of material around an organism |
| Synthesis | The chemical combination of smaller molecules to create larger ones |
| Excretion | The removal of cellular waste |
| Regulation | Maintains homeostasis |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining a stable internal environment |
| Growth | Being able to grow larger as well as repair when needed |
| Reproduction | The ability of living things to create more of their kind |
| Locomation | The ability of an organism to move |
| Sessile | Do not have the ability to move |
| Motile | Able to move |
| Metabolism | The sum of all living processes needed to sub stain life |
| Nutrition | Obtaining and processing of materials by an organism to use it |
| Autotrophic Nutrtition | Creating their own food |
| Photosynthesis | A process that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to create energy for the organism |
| Chemosynthesis | Use carbon dioxide, water and heat that comes from the vents is produced with hydrogen sulfide and oxygen to form the carbohydrate and sulfur |
| Heterotropic Nutrition | Organisms that can not make their own food |
| Injestion | Take in food |
| Digestion | Break down food |
| Egestion | Remove undigested food |
| Asexual Reproduction | One parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | Two parents |
| Elements | Made up of only one type of atom |
| 4 Most common elements | Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
| N | Nitrogen |
| C | Carbon |
| O | Oxygen |
| N | Nitrogen |
| Compound | Made up of 2 or more elements |
| Organic Compounds | Contains Carbon and Hydrogen |
| 4 Major Organic Compounds | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids |
| Inorganic | Does not contain Carbon with hydrogen attached |
| Acids | Have an excess amount of H+, 1-6 on the pH scale |
| Bases | Have an excess amount of OH-, 8-14 on the pH scale |
| pH scale | The measure of how acidic or basic a compound is |
| Neutral | pH of 7 |
| Carbohydrates | Contains C, H, & O; used to produce energy |
| Building Block of Carbohydrates | Simple Sugar |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar, ONE ring. Ex: Glucose |
| Disaccharide | 2 simple sugars joined together. Ex: Maltose |
| Polysaccharide | Many simple sugars joined together. Ex: Starch |
| Lipids | Contains C, H, & O; major source of energy. |
| Building Blocks of Lipids | 3 Fatty Acids and Glycerol |
| Nucleic Acid | Made up of nucleotides |
| Building Blocks of Nucleic Acid | Nucleotides |
| DNA | Heredity information |
| RNA | Used to produce proteins |
| Fats, Oils, & Waxes | Examples of Lipids |
| Proteins | Made up of C, H, O, & N |
| Building Blocks of Proteins | Amino Acids |
| Dipeptide | Two amino acids chemically attached by a peptide bond |
| Peptide Bond | Chemically attaches two proteins |
| Polypeptide | More than two amino acids chemically connected together |
| Hormones, Enzymes, & Antibodies | Examples of Proteins |
| Organic Catalyst | Enzymes |
| Enzymes | Made of proteins, usually end in -ase |
| Substrate | Binds with an enzyme |
| Enzyme - Substrate Complex | When an enzyme and substrate bind together |
| Lock and Key Theory | Each enzyme is specific for only one substrate |
| Lipase | Breaks down lipids |
| Protease | Breaks down protein |
| Maltase | Breaks down maltose |
| Lactase | Breaks down lactose |
| Sucrase | Breaks down sucrose |
| Effects enzymes | Temperature, pH, and Concentration of substrate/enzymes |
Created by:
CMacKay16
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