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AP Bio Chapter 06

Cells

QuestionAnswer
a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plants, fungi, and some protists cell wall
a structure in the centrosome of animal cells composed of microtubules centriole
structure in animal cells that organizes microtubules during cell division centrosome
organelle found in photosynthetic organisms that absorbs sunlight and makes organic compounds (sugar) chloroplast
unwound DNA and proteins that make up a chromosome chromatin
coiled-up DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells chromosomes
short cellular appendage used for locomotion cilia
contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane cytoplasm
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch througout the cytoplasm; function in movement, transport, and signaling cytoskeleton
the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm cytosol
intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet to join cells together desmosomes
collection of membranes in a eukaryotic cell; related to transfer of vesicles (smooth/rough ER, Golgi app, lysosome, vacuoles) endomembrane system
membranous network in eukaryotic cells continuous with the nuclear membrane endoplasmic reticulum
type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles eukaryotic cell
long cellular appendage used for locomotion flagella
intercellular junction in animal cells that allows passage of materials between cells gap junctions
organelle consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products Golgi apparatus
part of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments intermediate filament
membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes lysosome
cable composed of actin proteins; makes up part of the cytoskeleton; involved in cell contraction microfilament
hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton microtubule
organelle that serves as the site of cellular respiration mitochondria
specialized structure in the nucleus; site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly nucleolus
chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell nucleus
organelle containing enzymes that produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide peroxisome
membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's composition plasma membrane
an open channel in the cell wall of a plant through which the cytosol can connect with an adjacent cell plasmodesmata
type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-bound organelles prokaryotic cell
a complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis ribosomes
portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes rough ER
portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes smooth ER
intercellular junction in animal cells that prevents the leakage of material between cells tight junctions
membrane-bound vesicle whose function varies in different types of cells vacuoles
a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm vesicles
Created by: mrariail
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