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Biology
Biology vocab & notes quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Daughter Cells | the two cells that result from cell division |
| Asexual reproduction | reproduction that involves a single parent producing an offspring which in most cases, is genetically identical to the single cell that produced them |
| Sexual reproduction | offspring are produced by the fusion of two cells - one from each of two parents that fuse into a single cell before the offspring can grow |
| Cell cycle | a series of events that takes place from one cell division to the next |
| Interphase | the time during the cell cycle between cell division |
| Chromosome | a structure in the nucleus which contains hereditary material that duplicates during interphase |
| Chromatid | each strand of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | the area where each pair of chromatids is joined |
| Centrioles | tiny structures located in cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle |
| Spindle | a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids |
| Mitosis | the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei |
| Prophase | when the nucleus prepares to divide |
| Metaphase | when the pairs of chromatids line up across the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | the spindle fibers shorten and each pair of chromatids begin to move apart |
| Telophase | the spindle fibers start to disappear, the chromosomes start to uncoil, and two nuclei form |
| Cytokinesis | the cell membrane pinches in the middle and the cytoplasm divides |
| Binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction during which two genetically identical cells are produced |
| Internal regulators | proteins that respond to events inside a cell. They allow the cell cycle to proceed only once certain processes have happened inside the cell. |
| External regulators | proteins that respond to event outside the cell. They direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle. |
| growth factors | external regulators that stimulate the growth and division of cells. They are important during embryonic development and wound healing. |
| daughter; cell division | Before a cell grows too large, it divides into two new ___________ cells in a process called _____ _________. |
| Cell Division | _____ _________ allows growth, replaced worn out or damaged cells, and sometimes produces an entire new organism. |
| Multicellular | ______________ organisms grow because cell division increases the total number of cells in an organism. |
| Unicellular | ____________ organisms produce an entire new organism by cell division which is known as asexual reproduction. |
| asexually | Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-celled organisms and many multicellular organisms can reproduce ___________. |
| sexually | Most animals and plants, and many single-celled organisms, reproduce __________. |
| Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis | Cell Cycle: |
| Interphase | During ___________ a copy of the hereditary material must be made so that each of the two daughter cells will get a complete copy but no division takes place. |
| chromosomes | The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by _____________. |
| prokaryotes | Most ____________ contain a single, circular DNA molecule, or chromosome, that contains most of the cell's genetic information. |
| eukaryotic | In ____________ cells, chromosomes are located in the nucleus, and are made up of chromatin. |
| chromatids | When the nucleus is ready to divide, each duplicated chromosome coils tightly into two thickened, identical strands called ____________. |
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | The phases of mitosis in order are: |
| centrioles | Two small structures called _____________ move to opposite ends of the cell and threadlike spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell. |
| centromere | The ____________ of each pair usually becomes attached to two spindle fibers, one from each side of the cell. |
| chromosomes | Separated chromatids during anaphase are now called ______________. |
| cytoplasm | After the nucleus has divided, the _____________ separates and two new cells are formed. |
| binary fission | When DNA replication is complete, the cells divide through a process known as ________ _________. |
| Cancer | ___________ cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells and as a result, the cells divide uncontrollably into a mass of cells called a tumor. |
| malignant | A ____________ tumor is cancerous. It invades and destroys surrounding healthy tissue and can spread to other parts of the body. |
Created by:
VickieJ10
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