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Cells Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | outer boundary of the cell that allows certain materials in and out of the cell. |
| Cell Wall | surrounds the cell membrane and provides structure for shape and protections |
| Cytoplasm | gel-like substance that allows nutrients and other materials to move around in the cell |
| Nuclear Membrane | a boundary that separates the nucleus and cytoplasm - it controls what enters and leaves the nucleus |
| Nucleus | controls all of the activities of the cell - contains chromosomes (DNA) |
| Nucleolus | like a small nucleus inside of the nucleus that contains (RNA) and ribosomes to make proteins |
| Endoplasmis Reticulum (ER) | transports materials in the cell ROUGH ER is closest to the nucleus and has ribosomes stuck on it SMOOTH ER has no ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | power house of the cell - breaks down food and releases energy (TPA) to the cell. This is called respiration. |
| Ribosomes | makes protein for the cell -- found in the nucleus (nucleolus), stuck on the rough ER, and floating free inthe cytoplasm |
| Vacuoles | storage area for the cell |
| Golgi Bodies | customize the proteins by adding carbohydrates and lipids to them to prepare them for whatever job they have to do |
| Lysosomes | contains digestive juices (enzymes) to breakdown nutrients -- if a cell is damaged the lysosomes will release their juices and destroy the cell |
| Vesicle | releases molecules out of the cell |
| Centriole | helps the cell when it is time to divide |
| Chromosomes | (genetic material located in the nucleus) blue prints for the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | the structural support system for the cell |
| Chloroplasts | (found in PLANTS) capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algea, and some bacteria |