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MC - Cardiovascular

Multicellular Organisms - Cardiovascular and blood

QuestionAnswer
State the three main components of blood. plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
What are the main substances that the blood transports? oxygen, carbon dioxide & nutrients
What is the function of white blood cells? To destroy pathogens
Which white blood cell engulfs pathogens through phagocytosis? Phagocytes
What is the function of lymphocytes? Produce specific antibodies which destroy pathogens
Why are antibodies specific? They only bind to a particular pathogen
Which blood vessels carries blood into the heart at low pressure? Veins
Which blood vessels carries blood away from the heart at high pressure? Arteries
Which blood vessel is the site of gas and material exchange? Capillaries
Describe the structure of arteries Thick wall, thick muscular layer, narrow channel
Describe the structure of veins thin wall, thin muscular layer, wide channel, valves
Describe the structure of capillaries? Thin wall (1 cell), highly branched forming networks, large surface area
Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood? Left
Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood? Right
What are the two receiving chambers called? Atria (atrium)
What are the two pumping chambers called? Ventricles
What is the function of the left side of the heart? Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
What is the function of the right side of the heart? Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body? Vena Cava
Which blood vessel takes oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs? Pulmonary vein
Which blood vessel takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body? Aorta
Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs? Pulmonary artery
What is the function of the coronary artery? Provides heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
What happens when the coronary artery becomes blocked? Oxygen cannot get to the heart causing a heart attack
Which blood vessel carries blood under high pressure? Arteries
What is the function of valves? prevent the backflow of blood
Which blood vessel carries blood under low pressure? Veins
How many valves are within the heart? Four
Which system are white blood cells apart of? The immune system
What are pathogens? Disease causing microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi)
What is phagocytosis? The process of engulfing and digesting pathogens.
What is the function of red blood cells To carry oxygen around the body.
What is the specialisation of red blood cells? Biconcave in shape, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin
When oxygen combines with haemoglobin what does this form? Oxyhaemoglobin
Where in the body is there a high concentration of oxyhaemoglobin? Lungs
Where in the body is there a low concentration of oxyhaemoglobin? Tissues
Which blood vessel contains valves? Veins
Do veins carry blood at high or low pressure? Low
Do arteries carry blood at high or low pressure? High
What is the function of the Vena Cava? Takes deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body
What is the function of the Pulmonary vein? Takes oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs
What is the function of the Aorta? Takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
What is the function of the Pulmonary artery? Takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
Which blood vessel provides the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients? Coronary artery
Suggest what would happen if a valve was damaged? Blood could flow backwards.
Approximately 4 % of an adult’s body weight is made up of red blood cells, which is equivalent to 2kg. Calculate the total body weight of the adult. 50kg (divide 4/2 and that will give you 1% which is 0.5kg. To get 100% which is the total body weight you x 0.5kg by 100)
pproximately 10% of an adult’s body weight is made up of the heart tissue, which is equivalent to 14kg. Calculate the total body weight of the adult. 67kg (divide 10/14 and that will give you 1% which is 0.67kg. To get 100% which is the total body weight you x 0.67kg by 100)
Created by: StNiniansHS
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