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Bolvin-L1BioCh15
Vocab review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
evolution | gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time |
natural selection | mechanism for evolution in which the best adapted to the environment survive to reproduce and pass on their well adapted genes |
adaptation | any trait that helps an organism survive |
structural adaptation | similar structures in completely unrelated species: ex. wings on a bird and a bee |
homologous structure | similar body parts on somewhat related organisms like the forelimb bones on humans, bats, and whales |
vestigal structure | body part with no apparent function in modern species that had a function in ancestoral species |
artificial selection | man breeding animals and plants to get offspring with the desired traits |
allelic frequency | how often a form of trait occurs in a population |
genetic drift | a higher than normal allelic frequency in a population due to a chance mutation in a small population |
stabilizing | type of natural selection that favors the average individuals |
directional | type of natural selection that favors one extreme variation in a population |
disruptive | type of natural selection that favors both extreme variations in a population |
polyploid | individual that has multiple sets of chromosomes, common in plants |
gradualism | rate of evolution in which speciation occurs very slowly and steadily over a long period of time |
punctuated equilibrium | rate of evolution in which long periods of genetic stability are interrupted by a blast of rapid speciation and extinction |
adaptative radiation | one species evolves into two species which each evolve into 2 species until there are many different species all with the original species as an ancestor |