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Viruses
Chapter6 : Viruses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antibody | a highly specific protein produced by the body in response to a foreign substance and capable of binding to the substance |
| ATTACHMENT | Referring to the association between a virus and its host cell surface |
| ATTENUATED | Referring to the reduced ability of a bacterium or virus to damage to the exposed individual |
| BACTERIOPHAGE | a virus that infects and replicates within bacterial cells |
| BENIGN | referring to a tumor that usually is not life-threatening or likely to spread to another part of the body |
| BIOSYNTHESIS | referring to the manufacture of virus parts during virus replication |
| cancer | a disease characterized by the radiating spread of malignant cells that reproduce at an uncontrolled rate |
| capsid | The protein coat that encloses the genome of a virus |
| capsomere | the protein subunit of a capsid |
| carcinogen | a substance capable of causing cancer |
| Cervical cancer | A type of cancer occurring in the cells of the cervix |
| dedifferentiation | a cellular process in which a cell reverts to an earlier developmental stage |
| emerging infectious disease | a new disease of changing disease that is seen within a population for the first time |
| endemic | referring to a constant presence of disease of persistence of an infectious agent at a low level in a population |
| endocytosis | the process by which many eukaryotic cells take up substances, cells, or viruses from the environment |
| envelope | the flexible membrane of protein and lipid that surrounds many types of viruses |
| enveloped virus | a virus whose genome and capsid is surrounded by a membrane-like covering |
| Ganglion | a dense cluster of nerve cells |
| genome | the complete set of genes in a virus or organism |
| helix | a twisted shape such as that seen in a spring, screw or spiral staircase |
| hemorrhagic fever | a life-threatening illness caused by any of several viruses causing high fever and bleeding disorders that can lead to low blood pressure and death |
| icosahedron | a symmetrical figure composed of 20 triangular faces and 12 points; one of the major shapes of viruses |
| interferon | an antiviral produced by the body cells on exposure to viruses |
| latency | a condition in which a virus integrates into a host chromosome without immediately causing damage |
| leukemia | a cancer of the body’s blood-forming tissues, where the bone marrow produced abnormal white blood cells, which don’t function properly |
| malignant | referring to a tumor that invades the tissue around it and may spread to other parts of the body |
| metastasize | referring to a tumor that spreads from the site of origin to other tissues in the body |
| mutation | a change in the characteristic of an organism rising from a permanent alteration of a DNA sequence |
| nonenveloped virus | a virus consisting of only the viral genome and capsid |
| nucleocapsid | the combination of genome and capsid of a virus |
| oncogene | a segment of DNA that can induce uncontrolled growth of a cell if permitted to function |
| oncovirus | a virus capable of causing a tumor or involved with a cancer |
| pandemic | an illness occurring over a wide geographic area of the world and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population |
| penetration | referring to the entry of a virus and its uncoating in a host cell during replication |
| prion | an infectious, self-replicating protein involved in human and animal disease of the brain |
| productive infection | the active assembly and maturation of viruses in an animal cell |
| proto-oncogenes | a region of DNA in the chromosome of human cells; altered by carcinogens into oncogenes that transforms cells |
| provirus | the viral DNA that has integrated into a eukayotic host chromosome and is then passed on from one generation to the next through cell division |
| release | referring to the exiting of a virus from a host cell after replication |
| reverse transcriptase | an enzyme that synthesizes a DNA molecule from the code supplied by an RNA molecule |
| spike | a protein projecting from the viral envelope or capsid that aids in attachment and penetration of a host cell |
| subunit vaccine | a vaccine that contains parts of microorganisms, such as capsular polysaccharides or purified pili |
| transformation | (1) the transfer and integration of DNA fragments from a dead and lysed donor cells to a recipient cell’s chromosome. (2) the conversion of a normal cell into a malignant cell due to the action of a carcinogen or virus |
| tumor | an abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells that has no physical function |
| tumor suppressor gene | a normal gene that inhibits tumor formation |
| viroid | an infectious RNA segment associated with certain plant diseases |
| virosphere | refers to all places where viruses are found or interact with their hosts |
| virus | an infectious agent consisting of DNA or RNA and surrounded by a protein sheath; n some cases, a membranous envelope surrounds the coat |
| whole-agent vaccine | a vaccine consisting of whole bacterial cells, viruses or toxins |
| zoonotic disease | a disease spread from another animal to humans |
Created by:
drmicro
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