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General Biology Info
Beginning of basic biology terms Chapter One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is biology? | The study of life. |
| Why is it important to study life? | 1)to better understand the functions of our own bodies 2)to better understand the ecosystems 3) to make new scientific discoveries. |
| Three parts of the cell theory. | 1)all organisms are made of cells 2)cells are the smallest units of life 3)cell come from pre-existing cells. |
| Define homeostasis | Maintenance of stable internal conditions |
| What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth is the increase in cell size/number, and development is the increase in complexity. |
| How is energy used for metabolism? | Energy is used in chemical reactions collectively. |
| Seven hierarchies of life. | Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organs, tissue, organelle, molecule, and atom. |
| Define biosphere. | All the places on Earth where life exists |
| Define ecosystem | a community of organisms in their physical environment |
| Define community | All the species coexisting in a given area |
| Define population | All the organisms |
| Define Organism | Exhibits the characteristics of life |
| Define organ | Composed of two or more types of tissue |
| Define tissue | Composed of specialized cells of a certain type |
| Define Organelle | Membrane-enclosed part of a cell with a specific function |
| Define molecule | Consists of atoms bonded together |
| What elements is the human body composed of? | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen |
| DNA | the heritable information that directs the cells activities |
| Genes | Segments of DNA that have a specific function and transmit characteristics from parent to offspring |
| Define a prokaryotic cell. | Lack membrane-bound organelles and do not have DNA held in the nucleus |
| Define an eukaryotic cell. | Have a membrane-bound organelles and DNA in a nucleus. |
| What is taxonomy. | The branch of biology that names and classifies species into a hierarchical order. |
| Taxonomy is comprised of domains. What is a domain? | The broadest units of classification in this system |
| The species name of an organism, contains both its genus and species placement, giving the name two parts. | Binomial Nomenclature. |
| Domain bacteria | Found in many common, temperate environments |
| Domain archaea | Ancient bacteria found in extreme environments |
| Domain eukarya | includes all eukaryotic organisms; kingdom plantae, fungi, protists, and animalia |
| Two mechanisms of evolutionary change | Vertical and horizontal descent |
| Vertical descent | New species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of mutations |
| Natural Selection | Individuals with advantageous mutations are able to survive and reproduce |
| Horizontal gene transfer | Genetic exchange between different species |
| Genome | The complete genetic makeup of an organism |
| Genomics | Involves techniques used to analyze the DNA sequences in genomes |
| Proteome | The complete set of proteins that a cell or organism can make |
| Proteomics | Involves techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species and compare the proteomes of different species |
| Reductionism | Involves reducing complex systems to simpler components that are easier to study |
| Systems biology | Seeks to create models of the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems |
| Discovery Science | Describes nature through careful observation and data analysis |
| Hypothesis-based science | Explains nature; involves the proposing and testing of a hypothesis |
| Quantitative data | Numerical measurements |
| Qualitative | Recorded descriptions |
Created by:
ERD2015
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