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Bio Standard 1
structure and function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organelle | small part of a cell |
| eukaryote | cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| plasma membrane | outer layer of all cells; controls what goes in and out of cells |
| cell wall | creates rigid support and structure for only plant cells |
| mitochondria | where cellular respiration takes place to create ATP |
| vacuoles | water storage |
| chloroplasts | where photosynthesis takes place to create sugar for plants |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis |
| prokaryote | cells with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
| folded membranes | increases surface area |
| DNA | codes for proteins |
| plant cell | contains cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and are box shaped |
| animal cells | contains small vacuoles, centrioles, and are sphere shaped |
| bacteria - contains cell walls, circular DNA, very small simple and old cells | prokaryotes |
| present in all cells | DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm |
| differentiation | stem cells become different types of cells in multicellular organisms |
| stem cells | undifferentiated cells |
| nerve cell | relays electrical signals to other body parts |
| blood cells | carries oxygen to other body parts |
| muscle cells | allows for body movement |
| sperm cell | male reproductive cell |
| homeostasis | maintaining balance |
| buffers | helps to maintain the pH |
| active transport | requires energy to moves molecules across the cell membrane from high to low concentration |
| passive transport | no energy is required to move molecules across the cell membrane from low to high concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water from high concentration to low concentration |
| hypotonic | solution that causes a cell to take in water and swell |
| hypertonic | solution that causes a cell to release water and shrink |
| isotonic | solution that allows a cell to maintain size |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| sodium potassium pump | pump which removes 3 sodium from a cell and then lets 2 potassium in the cell; requires ATP |
| semi-permeable | only certain things are allowed into or out of the cell |
| G1 & G2 | parts of the cell cycle that allows the cell to grow while maintaining normal function |
| S Phase | part of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated |
| Mitosis | making an exact copy of a cell |
| cytokinesis | splitting of the cytoplasm during cellular reproduction |
| prophase | 1st phase of mitosis; nuclear envelope disappears, chromosomes become visible, spindle fibers develop |
| metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up along equator |
| anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis; chromosomes begin moving toward opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | 4th phase of mitosis; nuclear membrane develops, spindles disappear, chromosomes go back to chromatin |
| asexual reproduction | daughter cells are an exact copy of the parent cell |
Created by:
colvardh
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