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Repro System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| reproduction | to make a copy of something |
| why is reproduction needed for the survival of a species, not an individual? | reproduction allows for a species to survive. species that have favorable adaptations will survive and reproduce, allowing for the species to survive. |
| testes | produce and store sperm cells |
| epididymis | storage area on top of the tests (place where sperm matures) |
| sperm | head=nucleus mid piece=mitochondria tail/flagellum=used to propel sperm forward seme is released during ejaculation |
| sperm duct/vas deferens | carries sperm out of the tests after being stored in the epididymis towards urethra |
| seminal vesicles | provide nutrients for the sperm |
| urethra | tube that carries semen through the penis to the outside of the body |
| penis | intro of sperm cells into the vagina of female reproductive track |
| functions of the male repro system | produce sperm, deposit sperm in females, produce hormones |
| functions of the female repro system | production of egg cells (1n gametes), care for fertilized egg (prep body to nourish a developing embryo), produce hormones |
| ovaries (female gonads) | produce egg cells (ova) in tiny cavities called follicles |
| ovulation | one a month, a follicle will rupture and release one egg |
| oviduct (fallopian tubes) | carries egg to uterus, fertilization occurs here |
| uterus (womb) | thick muscular walled organ with rich blood supply, site of embryo growth |
| vagina | receives sperm cells from male, birth passage for baby |
| menstrual cycle | preparation of uterus for a fertilized egg |
| follicle stage (10 days) | starts when estrogen levels are low, causes the pituitary gland to release FSH & LH, a follicle is formed, egg matures here, estrogen levels increase, increased estrogen levels cause uterus lining to thicken |
| ovulation (3-4 days) | a large rush of FSH and LH is released causing the follicle to rupture. egg goes to fallopian tubes |
| corpus lutetium (10-14 days) | ruptured follicle forms a yellowish structure called the corpus luteum, corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which further enhances the vascularization or the thickening of the uterine lining |
| menstruation (3-7 days) | breakdown of uterine lining in the absence of a fertilized egg, occurs when fertilization doesn't take place |
| purpose of meiosis | to create sex cells (gametes) |
| gametes | sex cells |
| meiosis | sex cells, 2 divisions, 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes at end, dna is varied, sexual reproduction, 4 cells produced, haploid |
| mitosis | body cells, 1 division, 46 chromosomes, 46 chromosomes, identical dna, asexual reproduction, 2 cells produced, diploid |
| spermatogenesis | formation of sperm in the testes |
| oogenesis | formation of eggs in the ovaries |
| random fertilization | distribution of homologous chromosomes between resulting nuclei is random, which results in variation |
| synapsis | pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| tetrad | a 4 pair structure that forms during meiosis prophase |
| crossing over | exchange of genetic material during synapsid |
| homologous chromosomes | corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent |
| disjunction | breaking of a tetrad in anaphase 1 |
| diploid | 2 sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | 1 set of chromosomes |
| uterus changes | uterine wall expands, forming placenta. umbilical chord connects the mother to child through the placenta. amniotic sac and fluid cushions and protects the baby from poor stimuli. |
| placenta | a temporary organ through which the fetus receives for and oxygen from the mothers body and removes wastes |
| umbilical chord | the structure that connects the fetus and placenta |
| identical twins | one egg is fertilized by one sperm |
| fraternal twins | two eggs and two sperm injected into the uterus |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| zygote formation | fusion of male and female gamete |
| embryo formation | cleavage, blastula, gastrula, growth |
| embryo | early stage of development |
| differentiation | cells become different from one another |
Created by:
Jlags
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