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Chapter 6
Mitosis, Cell reproduction/ division
Term | Definition |
---|---|
gamete | reproductive cells, sperm (male), egg (female) |
binary fission | prokaryotic cell division |
gene | a point on the chromosome that codes or gives information for single characteristic (example= eye color) |
chromosome | DNA condenses into chromosomes during division, 46 chromosomes for humans |
chromatid | 2 halves of chromosome , identical information, DNA already copied |
centromere | attachment point for 2 chromatids |
homologous chromosomes | similar chromosomes , pair together and are same size, shape, and information |
diploid | 2n = 46 chromosomes (full set) |
haploid | n = 23 chromosmes ( 1/2 set ) |
zygote | after sperm fertilizes egg ( 2n = diploid ) |
autosome | doesn't determine sex of baby ( 22 pairs ) |
sex chromosome | determines sex of baby ( 1 pair ) male =xy , female=xx |
somatic cell | every cell other than gamete (diploid, 2n, 46 chromosomes) |
cell cycle | repeating sequence of cellular growth and division |
interphase | includes G1, synthesis, and G2 |
mitosis | cell reproduction or division, nucleus divides |
cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm, final step of division |
cancer | uncontrolled growth of cells |
G1, first growth phase | grows rapidly and carries out routine functions |
S, synthesis phase | DNA is copied |
G2, second growth phase | further preparations for nucleus to divide |