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Genetic Engineering
B1
Question | Answer |
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How is genetic engineering done? | • Enzymes are used to cut useful genes from an organism's chromosomes • The useful genes are then inserted in to another organism |
Give a use of genetic engineering.(4) | • Insulin genes cut out from human DNA using enzymes • Enzymes used to cut bacteria DNA then the insulin genes inserted in to the bacteria • Bacteria grown in culture • Insulin produces and purified for medical use |
How is genetic engineering used in animals and plants? | Genes inserted in to DNA very early so the animal or plant develops the characteristics |
What can you use genetic engineering in?(3) | • GM crops resistant to herbicides, insects and viruses • Sheep milk to have drugs in it for human medicine • Gene therapy (replacing faulty genes with working ones) |
What is a problem with genetic engineering? | It could cause unplanned problems that could get passed on to future generations |
Pros of GM crops.(3) | • Can increase crop yield • Could be used to provide people with no access to nutrients |
Cons of GM crops.(3) | • Reduce farmland biodiversity by killing flowers and insects around flowers • Could carry allergies to the food • Resistance to herbicides could spread to weeds and create super weeds |