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Evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change in populations characteristics over time due to forces of nature |
| Charles Darwin | came up with his theory of evolution based on the finches on the galapagos islands |
| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | theory of use and disuse |
| Charles Lyell | earth was shaped millions of years, wrote Principles of Geology |
| James Hutton | earth is shaped by natural forces |
| Thomas Malthus | factors such as limited food prevent overpopulation |
| Theory of use-and-disuse | Lamarck stated that if a trait was used it would be passed on. If it was not used the trait would be lost over a few generations |
| Acquired characteristics | keeping a trait due to use and disuse |
| Theory of natural selection | species that are best adapted to their environment survive more often. |
| Survival of the Fittest | species that are best fit for the environment will be able to compete and survive |
| Struggle for existence | not having the adaptations needed for evolution, |
| Adaptation | the ability of a organism to change based on their environment |
| Gene pool | collection of genes in a population |
| Artificial selection | when people naturally select their breeding choices (picking blank color dog and a strong dog to reproduce) |
| Homologous structures | Similar arrangement of bones indicates relatedness (but function may differ) |
| Analogous structures | Different bone arrangement, but function is the same (not closely related) |
| Vestigial structures | are body parts that no longer have any function, but are believed to have been important in the past. |
| Anatomy | compares bone structure |
| Comparative anatomy | Similar or different arrangement of bones indicates if species are related |
| Comparative embryology | similar stages in fetal development indicates relatedness |
| Comparative genetics | similar DNA indicates relatedness |
| Comparative biochemistry | Similar amino acids sequence for a protein indicates relatedness |
| Fossil record | similarities in fossils indicates relatedness |
| Hominid | human and their ancestors |
| Primate | original branch on evolutionary tree |
| Evolutionary tree | a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships overtime |
| Common descent (ancestry) | two organisms have the same ancestor |
| Australopithecus Afarensis | lucy, can stand up on two legs |
| Australopithecus Boisei | herbivore, about 4.5 feet tall and walk on two legs |
| Homo Habilis | handy man, used rocks as weapons |
| Homo Ergaster | new enormous brian, cooling system |
| Homo heidelbergensis | ice age, southern England |
| Neanderthals | Cavemen, short limbs, extremities for heat |
| Homo sapien | thinking man, imaginacion |
Created by:
cameronstorch
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