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Earth's Surface Ch.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | the geologic principle record that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface |
| Erosion | the process by which water, Ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil |
| Weathering | the chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances |
| Mechanical weathering | the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
| Chemical weathering | the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
| abrasion | the grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water,ice, or wind |
| frost wedging | processes that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands |
| oxidation | a chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust |
| Permeable | Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily |
| Soil | the loose weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow |
| Bedrock | rock that makes up earths crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil |
| Humus | dark colored organic material in the soil |
| Fertility | a measure of how well soil supports plant growth |
| Loam | rich fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
| pH Scale | range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| Soil horzion | a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
| Top Soil | the crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay an other minerals |
| Subsoil | the layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other materials |
| Decomposer | an organism that gets his energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms , and returns raw materials to the soil and water |
| natural resource | anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans can use |
| soil conservation | the management of soil to limit its destruction |
| crop rotation | the planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility |
| contour plowing | plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss |
| conservation plowing | soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground |
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tjg201064705
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