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plant basics
get to know plants ( general information about structures and reproduction)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the most likely common ancestor of land plants | green algae ( they have cellulose cell walls, the same type of chlorophyll, and store their food as starch) |
| what is the fatty waxy coating found on a plant leaf to help prevent evaporation and act as a barrier to microorganisms | cuticle |
| openings in the outer cell layer of leaves and some stems that allows for the exchange of gases ( carbon dioxide and oxygen) | stomata |
| what type of cells are around the hole in the epidermis of leaves to control this opening allowing the gases to enter or exit | guard cells ( they have chloroplasts and do photosynthesis ) |
| the general name for the transport and support tissue in leaves , stems, and roots is ? | vascular tissue |
| Which vascular tissue transports water in a plant ( they are also thick walled to provide support) | Xylem |
| which vascular tissue transports food which was made during photosynthesis | Phloem |
| What do nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants need for fertilization | water |
| What is the small container for the sperm in seed plants both gymnosperms and angiosperms | pollen |
| Why is Pollen an important adaptation in gymnosperms and angiosperms | it allows fertilization to happen without water allowing the seed plants to thrive in dryer environments |
| what types of plants have pollen? | seed plants .... gymnosperms and angiosperms |
| What three things are found in seeds | an embryo ( of the new sporophyte generation), nutrients for the embryo ( cotyledons or both cotyledons and endosperm) and a protective covering |
| what name is given to a plant that sprouts from a seed, grows, and produces new seeds in one growing season or less | annual |
| what name is given to a plant that grows leaves and strong roots the first year... can survive winter ( roots survive) and the second growing season is when stems, leaves, flowers and seeds are produced | biennial |
| a plant that lasts several years... generally producing flowers and seeds yearly ( they may die back during the winter to survive the harsh conditions.... regrowth starting the next spring) | perennial |
| What is the function of the palisade and spongy layer in a leaf? What is special about the spongy layer? | they are the major areas of photosynthesis .. the location of the most chloroplasts... the spongy layer is loosely packed to allow the gases of photosynthesis to circulate... the stoma is hooked to this layer |
| Where would transpiration occur in a leaf? remember transpiration is evaporation from a leaf... | stomata |
| What is a succulent... explain their leaf adaptations | drought resistant plants.. usually live in arid environments or places with less water. Cacti have modified leaves called spines to reduce water loss and protect.. other succulents have leaves that store water ..and swell when water is available |
| What is another name for asexual reproduction in plants | vegetative propagation or reproduction |
| what plant structures are associated with vegetative reproduction. what plant structures are NOT associated with vegetative reproduction | Roots, Stems, and Leaves ARE Associated with vegetative reproduction .... FLOWERS ARE NOT ( they are for sexual reproduction in plants) |
| give 3 examples of vegetative reproduction in plants... hints strawberries, potato, african violet | strawberries produce horizontal stems ( runners) that can produce new plants at the end which take root.... you can cut a potato into pieces. if an "eye" is present it will make a new plant.... leaf cuttings can make new african violets |
| what is the female reproductive structure in a flowering plant explain what happens in this structure... | Pistil... pollen lands on the top of this structure,.. sperm travels down a pollen tube in the middle portion of the pistil .. and fertilization takes place at the lower portion called the ovary.. the ovule ... where egg is located |
| What is the male reproductive structure in a flowering plant? what is the top portion and what happens there... | stamen the top portion is the anther and it makes pollen ( pollen is a structure that contains the sperm) |
| what happens first in seed plant reproduction? Fertilization or Pollination | Pollination |
| what travels down a pollen tube that is produced when the pollen grain lands on the pistil? | the sperm... how fertilization will occur without water in seed plants |
| Where fertilization occurs in seed plants | near the bottom of the pistil at a structure called the ovary. Within the ovary is a structure called an ovule ( the egg location)..this is where fertilization occurs |
| after fertilization in gymnosperms or angiosperms what happens to the ovule | it forms the seed |
| after fertilization in seed plants known as angiosperms what happens to the ovary | it forms the fruit |
| what name is given to the developed ovary of an angiosperm that contains a seed or seeds | fruit |
| what are the two purposes of a fruit | 1. protect the seed 2. help disperse seed away from the parents for less competition |
| what type of plants have one cotyledon and endosperm that will help feed the embryo plant until it can start photosynthesis | monocots |
| How many cotyledons are found in dicots | 2 |
| soft flexible stems that are green with the presence of chloroplasts.. they are often found in annual plants | herbaceous stems or plant |
| stems that are sturdy and may be covered with bark ( tough corky tissue that protects) and can have annual growth rings that form when growth resumes after a period of little or no growth.. | woody stems |
| when an embryo of a seed starts to grow again after it was formed and has done a period of dormancy... the seed needs water and must have proper growth conditions | germination |
Created by:
shemehl
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