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Sec 17.3
overview of the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what domains have prokaryotic cells | Bacteria and Archaea |
| what kingdoms are in the eukarya domain | protist, fungi, plant, animal |
| What kingdom is in the domain bacteria and the domain archaea | they each have one kingdom. the domain bacteria has the kingdom bacteria and the domain archaea has the kingdom archaea |
| what type of cell doesn't have a distinct nucleus ( it doesn't have the DNA surrounded by a membrane) and it doesn't have membrane bound organelles ( it does have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane) | prokaryotic |
| What type of cells are characterized by a distinct nucleus with a membrane and membrane bound organelles ( like chloroplast and mitochondria) in addition to DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane | eukaryotic cells |
| When were the Archaea discovered? | in the 1970's |
| When was the classification system revised to have 3 domains and 6 kingdoms | in the 1990's |
| What are the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms | Bacteria, Archaea,and Eukarya.... and the 6 kingdoms are Bacteria, Archaea, Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal |
| What was the name of the kingdom that got divided into Archaea and Bacteria | Monera |
| Why did they decide to divide the Monera kingdom into Archaea and Bacteria | when they examined the Moneran organisms ( all bacteria) they determined they were different biochemically. ( different materials make up cell wall and other differences) |
| What word is used to describe the Archaea because of the type of habitats where most live? give examples of where they live | extremophiles ... boiling hot springs, salty lakes, hydrothermal vents, mud of marshes ( with no oxygen) |
| What are some important photosynthetic bacteria that are important producers ( in aquatic environments) and also do nitrogen fixation ( in aquatic environments) | cyanobacteria |
| List 3 ways that bacteria are helpful to the environment or how humans have made use of them | decomposers, nitrogen fixation, and help make products such as cheese, vinegar, yogurt and sour cream |
| Some bacteria cause infections... Name 3 that were mentioned in our video about the domains... and how are they treated | botulism, TB ( tuberculosis), and pneumonia... treated with antibiotics |
| How does the number of cells compare in the domain archaea and bacteria.... and the domain eukarya | the domain archaea and the domain bacteria are domains with prokaryotic cells and are only UNICELLULAR... the domain eukarya can be unicellular or multicellular |
| What are the 3 types of protist | algae ( plant-like), protozoans ( animal-like) and fungus-like ( the slime molds) |
| Give a few ways that the kingdom Protist have diversity... and one thing they all have in common | they are unicellular, multicellular or colonial... they can be autotrophs or heterotrophs... they all live in a moist environment |
| Name two protozoans and describe their method of movement | Paramecium... moves with cilia ( little hair like structures that are numerous and move likes oars)... and the Amoeba that is bloblike and moves when its cytoplasm flows |
| Name two fungi ( one unicellular and a common multicellular fungi) | yeast and mushrooms |
| Explain how man has made use of Yeast | they are important fermenters ( a type of cellular respiration that the yeast uses to get usable energy from sugars).. they make carbon dioxide that is used to make bread rise and alcohol that helps make beer and wine |
| fungi are heterotrophs... how are they different from other heterotrophs | they are absorptive or absorb the nutrients into their cells ( they use digestive enzymes to digest the material in the environment and then absorb it into their cells |
| What is a major role of fungi | decompositon |
| Most of the fungi structure is underground ( explain their structure) | they are a mass of threadlike filaments called hyphae ( hifee).. that is used for growth , feeding and reproduction |
| What part of the fungi is used for reproduction | the above group cap ( compacted hyphae that form the cap).. this structure produces spores that are dispersed and germinate to make new fungi hyphae |
| The cell walls of fungi are made of ? How is this different from plants? | chitin... the cellwalls of plants are cellulose ( both types of carbohydrates but different forms) |
| fungi are important decomposers but what is another role they have in their environment? also when they decompose material they are also called ? | they are also parasites ( feed on live organisms instead of dead organisms or wastes)... the decomposers can be called SAPROBES |
| Give a detailed description of Lichen? ( 4 ) | 1. they are algae and fungi living in a mutualistic symbiosis relationship ( both benefit + + ).. know how... 2. they are bioindicators 3. they are pioneer species 4. they are ground cover on tundra see pages 587-588 |
| Can you find lichen in other areas besides the tundra? explain | yes, they have a wide range... from temperate areas to arctic areas ( mostly on rocks or trees)... not so much in desert or tropics... they can also survive drought |
| What kingdom forms the base or the ecological pyramids , food chains or food webs | Plants |
| How plants get their nouishment | they are autotrophs doing photosynthesis ( photoautotrophs) |
| What two kingdoms must have multicellular organisms | plants and animals |
| Cell walls of plants are made of | cellulose |
| What kingdom of organisms has cells without cell walls | animals |
| Which kingdoms are characterized by their lack of motility | plants and fungi |
| What are organs found in plants | roots, stems, and leaves |
| How do animals get their nourishment | they are ingestive heterotrophs ( must eat other organisms) |
| What is true about animals and their motility | most animals move... at least at some stage of their life |
| Two major groups of animals are | Invertebrates ( without backbones) and vertebrates ( with backbones) |
| What is true about our classification system and viruses ( describe) | viruses are not considered living as they are not cells or do not have cells , so they are not classified by our domain and kingdom system |
| Describe the basic structure of a virus | they are a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat ( they are not a cell or do not have cells) |
| Two virual diseases that are very common are | cold and flu... |
| What do viruses depend on to reproduce and cause diseases | they must take over a host cell .. they can't reproduce on their own. ( not on quest) |
Created by:
shemehl
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