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Hoffman Bio. S2 #4
Semester 2 - Vocab List #4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Evolution | process of change in a species over time |
Species | group of organisms that are closely related and can produce fertile offspring |
Fossils | trace or remains of an organism that existed in the past |
Variation | differences of a trait within a species in each generation |
Adaptation | a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment |
Artificial Selection | process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits |
Natural Selection | process by which organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce the desired traits to each generation |
Heritability | the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next |
Population | all the individuals of a species that live in an area |
Fitness | measure of an organisms ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members within a population |
Normal Distribution | type of distribution, in which the frequency is highest near the mean value and decreases toward each extreme end of the range |
Directional Selection | type of selection that favors phenotypes at one extreme of a trait’s range |
Stabilizing Selection | type of selection where the intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common in the population |
Disruptive Selection | type of selection where both extreme phenotypes are favored, while individuals with intermediate phenotypes are selected againstby something in nature |
Speciation | rise of two or more species from one existing species |
Extinction | elimination of a species from Earth |