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NYS LE Topic 3

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Asexual reproduction when a cell splits, creating two identical clones
Clones 2 identical organisms, with the same exact DNA
Biotechnology using technology to build/alter living tissue
Chromosome A long strand DNA
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid. Sequence of letters, A, T, C, G that pass on traits
Genes part of the DNA that “codes” for a trait
Genetic engineering altering genes, usually to treat or cure a disease ex)breast cancer gene. Bacteria making insulin
Genetic recombination during meiosis, some genes get switched between chromosomes (crossing over)
Heredity passing traits (genes) from parent to offspring
Mutation an error or change in DNA that may alter a gene
Replication the copying of chromosomes before cell division
Selective breeding when organisms choose their mates
Sexual reproduction 2 parents each provide half the number of chromosomes. Increases variation in the species
Traits characteristic inherit from your parents
Differentiation when identical cells change to become specialized.
Egg female sex cell (haploid-half # chromosomes)
Expressed how a genetic trait is shown
Sperm male sex cell (haploid -half # chromosomes)
Subunits (monomers) smaller units that make up a bigger structure. Ex) A protein’s _________ are amino acids
Template a genetic pattern with directions for creating a new nucleotide molecule
restriction enzymes chemical scissors that can find and cut out a specific segment of DNA
recombinant DNA a bacterial DNA engineered to contain a nonbacterial gene
Epigenetics environmental factors that can affect gene expression (diet, exercise, stress, methylation)
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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