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NYS LE Topic 1
Similarities and Differences among Living Things
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining a balance internally, even when external factors change |
| Cell | building block of all living things |
| Chloroplast | part of a cell that turns sunlight into a food source through the process of photosynthesis |
| Diffusion | movement of particles from high concentration to low (with the concentration gradient). No energy required. |
| Active Transport | movement of particles from low concentration to high (against their concentration gradient). Requires energy (ATP) |
| Mitochondria | Organelle where sugars are broken down to make ATP through cellular respiration |
| Organ system | collection of organs doing a similar job |
| Organism | A collection of organ systems result in this, the whole living thing. |
| Tissue | collection of cells doing the same job |
| Organ | collection of tissues doing the same job |
| Organelle | Specialized components inside a cell. Each one has a different job. |
| Ribosome | cellular organelles that appear as little dots in cytoplasm or on the ER. Site of protein synthesis. |
| Nucleus | the control center of a Eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information. |
| Synthesis | “to make,” usually referring to substances in the body like proteins |
| Excretion | getting rid of metabolic waste products (waster from cellular reactions) |
| Glucose | A simple sugar C6H12O6 (1:2:1). Needed by all living things for energy |
| Amino Acids | the building blocks that are assembled into proteins at ribosomes |
| Cell membrane | differentially permeable outer border of cells. It is a phospholipid bilayer |
| Cell respiration | energy producing reaction that occurs at "mighty" mitochondria. Sugars react with oxygen, breaking down to release energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. |
| Circulation | movement or cycling of materials in an organism |
| Cytoplasm | the fluid environment inside cell (contains water and dissolved solutes) |
| Digestion | the process that breaks large food molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) into smaller pieces for absorption into the bloodstream |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things |
| Hormone | a chemical made by the endocrine system that travels to body tissues and causes a response |
| Immunity | the body’s ability to destroys pathogens (foreign invaders) before they cause disease |
| Inorganic | a chemical that does not contain Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Organic | a chemical that contains Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Receptor molecule | proteins in the cell membrane that receive chemical messages from other cells |
| Reproduction | process by which organisms make new organisms |
| Vacuole | a storage sac within a cell that may contain substances like food, water or wastes |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
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