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NYS LE Topic 1
Similarities and Differences among Living Things
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining a balance internally, even when external factors change |
| Cell | building block of all living things |
| Cellular Respiration | breaking down nutrients to release energy (glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide and water) |
| Chloroplast | part of a cell that turns sunlight into a food source (photosynthesis) |
| Diffusion | movement of particles from high concentration to low (with the concentration gradient). No energy required. |
| Active Transport | movement of particles from low concentration to high (against their concentration gradient). Requires energy (ATP) |
| Mitochondria | in all cells. It’s where sugars are broken down to make ATP (energy) |
| Organ system | collection of organs doing a similar job (accomplishing a goal) |
| Organism | collection of organ systems, making a whole living thing. |
| Tissue | collection of cells doing the same job |
| Organ | collection of tissues doing the same job |
| Organelle | functional parts of a cell. Each one has a different job. |
| Ribosome | little dots in cytoplasm or on the ER. All cells. Make proteins. |
| Nucleus | control center of the cell. Contains the genetic information. |
| Synthesis | “to make,” usually referring to substances in the body like proteins |
| Excretion | getting rid of waste products |
| Glucose | A simple sugar C6H12O6 (1:2:1). Needed by all living things for energy |
| Amino Acids | the building blocks that are assembled into proteins at ribosomes |
| Cell membrane | differentially permeable outer border of cells. It is a phospholipid bilayer |
| Cell respiration | energy producing reaction that occurs at mitochondria. Sugars are broken down to release energy (ATP), carbon dioxide and water. |
| Circulation | movement or cycling of materials in an organism |
| Cytoplasm | the fluid environment inside cell, it’s mainly water. |
| Digestion | the process that breaks large food molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) into smaller pieces for absorption into the bloodstream |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things |
| Hormone | a chemical made by the endocrine system that travels to body tissues and causes a response |
| Immunity | the body’s ability to destroys pathogens (foreign invaders) before they cause disease |
| Inorganic | a chemical that does not contain Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Organic | a chemical that contains Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Receptor molecule | proteins in the cell membrane that receive chemical messages from other cells |
| Reproduction | process by which organisms make new organisms |
| (Cellular) Respiration | process that releases energy found in chemical bonds so it can be turned into usable energy. Occurs in the MIGHTY mitochondria |
| Vacuole | a storage sac within a cell that may contain substances like food, water or wastes |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
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